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64 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL from the 90's. The older poet asked him to go through his verse and point out to him which words were abstractions, and was surprised at the large number that were so marked. He made a renewed effort to purge his verse of its weaknesses in At the Hawks Nest, his first play in six years, which he dictated to Pound early in 1916. The improvement is noticeable at once, the new verse is more spare, the images are exactly delineated, every shadow is removed. The tone, too, is definitely that of Yeats and no one else, I call to the mind A well long choked up and dry And boughs stripped by the wind, And I call to the mind's eye Pallor of an ivory face Its lofty dissolute air, A man climbing up to a place The salt sea wind has left bare. 13 "The first play," Ellmann continues, "shows the effect of the young American's stimulating influence in its dramatic form as well as its style. During the first year that Pound acted as his secretary, Yeats was working on an essay to prove the connection between the beliefs of peasants, spiritualists, Swedenborg, and Henry Moore; his thoughts were full of ghosts, witches and supernatural phenomena. Pound, on the other hand, had a project of his own. He was the literary executor of Ernest Fenollosa, a scholar who had spent many years in Japan studying the Noh drama. It was very exciting to Yeats, always on the lookout for new ways of using occult research, to hear that the Japanese plays were full of spirits and masks, and that the crises in the plays usually occurred when a character who had appeared to be an ordinary mortal was suddenly revealed to be a good spirit. He was delighted to learn from Pound that the Noh 'was one of the great arts of the world, and quite possibly one of the most recondite. The art of the illusion is at the root of the Noh. These plays, or eclogues, were made only for the few; for the nobles; for those trained to catch the illusion. In the Noh we find an art based upon the god-dance, or upon some local apparition, or, later, on gestes of war and feats of history; an art of

EZRA POUND 65 splendid posture, of dancing and chanting, and of acting that is not mimetic. It is a symbolic stage, a drama of masks—at least they have made masks for spirits and gods and young women. It is a theatre of which both Mr. Yeats and Mr. Craig may approve.' "A little school of devotees of the Noh plays grew up in London," says Ellman, "including Pound, Yeats, Arthur Waley, and Edmund Dulac. Pound began to publish his translations of the plays in magazines and then in a small volume, with a preface by Yeats, at the Cuala Press. The difficulty was that none of the devotees had ever seen a Noh play, but late in 1915 Pound discovered, living in poverty in a backstairs room, the Japanese dancer Ito, who had acted in the Noh in Japan." 14 It seems uncanny that Pound should have been able to locate an actor of the Noh in post-Victorian London. Joseph Hone, in his biography of Yeats, says "one of his [Yeats'] collaborators was a Mr. Ito [a traditional dancer of Japan] who attracted considerable note at the London Zoo by prancing about outside the cages of the birds of prey, and behaving in such a weird way that people supposed he must be either mad or a follower of some unknown Eastern religion who worshipped birds. Presently Mr. Ito was set to evolve a dance based on the movements of the birds as they hopped about and stretched their wings, and Yeats was often beside him at the Zoo, all attention." 15 Pound was aware of the effect he was having upon Yeats for he mentions it in a letter to his mother, written in November, 1913: "My stay in Stone Cottage will not be in the least profitable. I detest the country. Yeats will amuse me part of the time and bore me to death with psychical research the rest. I regard the visit as a duty to posterity." 16 As foreign editor of Poetry, Pound had secured for Harriet Monroe some of the finest talents. One of these poets was Yeats. Perhaps Pound was taking his duties as an editor too seriously when he revised the final line of a poem, "Fallen Majesty", which Yeats suggested that he send to Miss Monroe. The line, which originally read, "Once walked a thing, that seemed as it were, a burning cloud," was altered by Pound, without consulting the author, to "Once walked a thing that seemed a burning cloud". Ellmann cites this incident, in The Identity of Yeats, as proof of

EZRA POUND 65<br />

splendid posture, of dancing and chanting, and of acting that is not<br />

mimetic. It is a symbolic stage, a drama of masks—at least they<br />

have made masks for spirits and gods and young women. It is a<br />

theatre of which both Mr. Yeats and Mr. Craig may approve.'<br />

"A little school of devotees of the Noh plays grew up in London,"<br />

says Ellman, "including Pound, Yeats, Arthur Waley, and Edmund<br />

Dulac. Pound began to publish his translations of the plays in<br />

magazines and then in a small volume, with a preface by Yeats, at<br />

the Cuala Press. The difficulty was that none of the devotees had<br />

ever seen a Noh play, but late in 1915 Pound discovered, living in<br />

poverty in a backstairs room, the Japanese dancer Ito, who had<br />

acted in the Noh in Japan." 14<br />

It seems uncanny that Pound should have been able to locate<br />

an actor of the Noh in post-Victorian London. Joseph Hone, in<br />

his biography of Yeats, says "one of his [Yeats'] collaborators<br />

was a Mr. Ito [a traditional dancer of Japan] who attracted considerable<br />

note at the London Zoo by prancing about outside the<br />

cages of the birds of prey, and behaving in such a weird way that<br />

people supposed he must be either mad or a follower of some unknown<br />

Eastern religion who worshipped birds. Presently Mr. Ito<br />

was set to evolve a dance based on the movements of the birds as<br />

they hopped about and stretched their wings, and Yeats was often<br />

beside him at the Zoo, all attention." 15<br />

Pound was aware of the effect he was having upon Yeats for he<br />

mentions it in a letter to his mother, written in November, 1913:<br />

"My stay in Stone Cottage will not be in the least profitable. I<br />

detest the country. Yeats will amuse me part of the time and bore<br />

me to death with psychical research the rest. I regard the visit as a<br />

duty to posterity." 16<br />

As foreign editor of Poetry, Pound had secured for Harriet<br />

Monroe some of the finest talents. One of these poets was Yeats.<br />

Perhaps Pound was taking his duties as an editor too seriously<br />

when he revised the final line of a poem, "Fallen Majesty", which<br />

Yeats suggested that he send to Miss Monroe. The line, which originally<br />

read, "Once walked a thing, that seemed as it were, a burning<br />

cloud," was altered by Pound, without consulting the author, to<br />

"Once walked a thing that seemed a burning cloud".<br />

Ellmann cites this incident, in The Identity of Yeats, as proof of

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