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340 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL "While from this microphone many words of historic importance have been pronounced, by men of great authority, by the highest spiritual authority in the world, it is now a humble writer of this harassed and suffering Europe of ours who raises his voice in defense of a poet. And to speak in defense of a poet such as Pound is to defend the principles of human liberty and dignity, and the supremacy of spiritual values—principles and values which the United States recognizes as her own, and of which she justly proclaims herself the pioneer." We have reproduced only a portion of Professor de Piña Martins' fine speech, but the entire tribute is worth reading. Interestingly enough, A Casebook on Ezra Pound, edited by William Van O'Connor and Edward Stone, is subtitled "Pro and Con Selections". However, the "Pro" items, of which this is only one, are notable by their omission. The Vatican broadcast was widely circulated in printed form, and it is odd that it did not come to these editors' attention. Perhaps the iconoclastic reference to Roosevelt as "only a man" offended them. We remember the abortive efforts to enshrine him as a risen god in 1945, and it is satisfying to note that the Democratic Party avoids reference to him as much as possible, due to the revelations of his guilt in the Pearl Harbor massacre, and only tolerates the occasional exhibition of his relict. De Pifia Martins emphasizes Ezra's allegiance to the American Constitution, which indirectly calls attention to the fact that all of his constitutional guarantees were suspended when he was arrested; they were further suspended by the charge of "mental illness," and were not restored until his release after thirteen years of imprisonment. When he was brought before a jury of his "peers", the jury unhesitatingly accepted the testimony of the government psychiatrists that he was insane. Pound was never examined by a psychiatrist of his own choosing, and has not been to this day. On October 19, 1954, Dag Hammarskjold, Secretary General of the United Nations, reviewed the contemporary scene at the Museum of Modern Art. In his speech, he said, "Modern art teaches us to see by forcing us to use our senses, our intellect, and our sensibility, to follow it on its road of exploration. It makes us seers —seers like Ezra Pound when, in the first of his Pisan Cantos, he
EZRA POUND 341 senses 'the enormous tragedy of the dream in the peasant's bent shoulders.' Seers—and explorers—these we must be if we are to prevail." In December, 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. He was not the first of Pound's disciples to receive this award, which was to have been given him in 1953; political considerations dictated the choice in favor of Winston Churchill. Awarding the Nobel Prize to Churchill for his pompous, overblown and heavily-clichéd prose ("The din was incessant"), and singling out for praise a style that was as plump, red-faced, arrogant and false as its creator, really destroyed whatever literary value the prize might have had. It was like giving Truman the Nobel Peace Prize for starting the Korean War—a choice that was seriously advanced! However, Pearl Buck, the creator of Chinese soap opera for our time, had received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1938, so things couldn't get much worse. Hemingway accepted the prize money in 1954, saying, "I believe this would be a good year to release poets." He went on to denounce the continued imprisonment of Ezra Pound in a statement that was quoted all over the world, and even in the American press. His stand was the first streak of light to pierce Pound's long night. He was quoted in Look Magazine, September 4, 1956: "Some erudite midshipmen had been by in the early afternoon to ask my views on Ezra Pound. These views are succinct, although the subject is complicated. Ezra, I told them, should be released from St. Elizabeths hospital and allowed to practice poetry without let or hindrance." It was odd that Hemingway never came to see Pound at the hospital, for he frequently visited the States to collect his movie royalties. He had advanced some money when Pound was brought, penniless and in chains, to his nation's capital. Cummings also put up one thousand dollars. It was a rather risky thing to do, for, although it was de rigeur for State Department officials to contribute to an Alger Hiss Defense Fund, it was quite another matter to contribute to Pound's assistance. Ezra has explained Hemingway to me as follows: "Hem tried to do all he could and still work within the system." Hemingway was quoted by Harvey Breit, in the New York
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340 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL<br />
"While from this microphone many words of historic importance<br />
have been pronounced, by men of great authority, by the<br />
highest spiritual authority in the world, it is now a humble writer<br />
of this harassed and suffering Europe of ours who raises his voice<br />
in defense of a poet. And to speak in defense of a poet such as<br />
Pound is to defend the principles of human liberty and dignity,<br />
and the supremacy of spiritual values—principles and values<br />
which the United States recognizes as her own, and of which she<br />
justly proclaims herself the pioneer."<br />
We have reproduced only a portion of Professor de Piña<br />
Martins' fine speech, but the entire tribute is worth reading. Interestingly<br />
enough, A Casebook on Ezra Pound, edited by William<br />
Van O'Connor and Edward Stone, is subtitled "Pro and Con Selections".<br />
However, the "Pro" items, of which this is only one, are<br />
notable by their omission. The Vatican broadcast was widely circulated<br />
in printed form, and it is odd that it did not come to these<br />
editors' attention. Perhaps the iconoclastic reference to Roosevelt<br />
as "only a man" offended them. We remember the abortive efforts<br />
to enshrine him as a risen god in 1945, and it is satisfying to note<br />
that the Democratic Party avoids reference to him as much as<br />
possible, due to the revelations of his guilt in the Pearl Harbor<br />
massacre, and only tolerates the occasional exhibition of his relict.<br />
De Pifia Martins emphasizes Ezra's allegiance to the American<br />
Constitution, which indirectly calls attention to the fact that all of<br />
his constitutional guarantees were suspended when he was arrested;<br />
they were further suspended by the charge of "mental<br />
illness," and were not restored until his release after thirteen years<br />
of imprisonment. When he was brought before a jury of his<br />
"peers", the jury unhesitatingly accepted the testimony of the<br />
government psychiatrists that he was insane. Pound was never<br />
examined by a psychiatrist of his own choosing, and has not been<br />
to this day.<br />
On October 19, 1954, Dag Hammarskjold, Secretary General of<br />
the United Nations, reviewed the contemporary scene at the Museum<br />
of Modern Art. In his speech, he said, "Modern art teaches<br />
us to see by forcing us to use our senses, our intellect, and our<br />
sensibility, to follow it on its road of exploration. It makes us seers<br />
—seers like Ezra Pound when, in the first of his Pisan Cantos, he