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256 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL most sensational case of its kind since the trial of Aaron Burr, wondered just how the U.S. proposed to convict its disaffected poet." Time's query was soon answered. The U.S. did not propose to try to convict its disaffected poet. There were too many precedents for Pound in American history of prominent men who risked their necks in order to express political dissent. One of the most notable was Pound's mentor, John Adams, who has been described by Russell Kirk as "a man censorious, practical, ironic and heroic, a man not afraid to risk hanging for the liberties of Massachusetts, not afraid to plead for Captain Preston after the Boston Massacre, not afraid to denounce the Gallic enthusiasm raised by Citizen Genet." 18 Like John Adams, Pound always opposed the mob, because the mob will never discuss the questions. They can only riot. As Adams said when running for the legislature, "No democracy ever did exist or can exist." The answer of the offended American people to Pound's criticism of them was not a defense, but a subterfuge. Instead of trying him, and allowing him to air his arguments, as he had anticipated doing, the government officials put him in an insane asylum. He was removed to Washington's Gallinger Hospital, the temporary stopping place for dope fiends (many of them prostitutes) and other citizens who are due to be committed to St. Elizabeths Hospital. The file in the United States Court House in Washington, D.C., "Criminal No. 76028, United States vs. Ezra Pound, charged with violation of Section I, Title 18, US Code (Treason)", is now marked "Case Closed". The chronology of the case is scrawled on the file cover in pencil and ink, with the following notations: "Nov. 26, 1945. Presentment and Indictment Filed. "Nov. 27, 1945. Defendant waives reading of the indictment and stands mute. Arraigned. Plea 'Not Guilty' entered by the Court. The motion for admission to bail is continued for further hearing until Dec. 14, 1945. "Dec. 21, 1945. Motion for admission to bail is further argued and by the Court denied. Order directing deft be sent to St. Elizabeth's Hospital for treatment and examination filed.
EZRA POUND 257 "Jan. 18, 1946. Motion for a formal hearing to determine deft's mental condition heard and granted. Hearing calendared for Jan. 30, 1946. "Jan. 30, 1946. Sanity hearing continued indefinitely. "Feb. 13, 1946. Lunacy Inquisition—Jury sworn. Verdict— respondent is of unsound mind. "Jan. 29, 1947. Deft's motion for bail heretofore argued and submitted is further argued and by the Court denied. "4-18-58 Motion of deft to dismiss the indictment heard and granted. Order dismissing indictment recorded." The psychiatrists who made the preliminary examination of Pound at Gallinger's Hospital made their report to Judge Bolitha J. Laws on December 14, 1945, representing the Federal Security Agency: "The undersigned hereby respectfully report the results of the mental examination of Ezra Pound, now detained in Gallinger Hospital . . . for observation from the District Jail on a charge of treason . . . the defendant . . . was a precocious student, specializing in literature . . . He has long been recognized as eccentric, querulous and egocentric . . . He is abnormally grandiose, is expansive and exuberant in manner, exhibiting pressure of speech, discursiveness, and distractability . . . He is, in other words, insane and mentally unfit for trial, and is in need of care in a mental hospital. Respectfully submitted, Joseph L. Gilbert, M.D., Marion R. King, M.D. Wendell Muncie, M.D., Winfred Overholser, M.D." Dr. Wendell Muncie was a psychiatrist from Johns Hopkins University. King was an official of the United States Public Health Service, a career bureaucrat since 1922, who would hardly have been expected to defy the administration. Dr. Overholser, superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital, also was a career bureaucrat who had been in government service ever since his graduation from the University of Chicago. Although no one could blame the adminis-
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256 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL<br />
most sensational case of its kind since the trial of Aaron Burr,<br />
wondered just how the U.S. proposed to convict its disaffected<br />
poet."<br />
Time's query was soon answered. The U.S. did not propose to<br />
try to convict its disaffected poet. There were too many precedents<br />
for Pound in American history of prominent men who risked their<br />
necks in order to express political dissent. One of the most notable<br />
was Pound's mentor, John Adams, who has been described by Russell<br />
Kirk as "a man censorious, practical, ironic and heroic, a man<br />
not afraid to risk hanging for the liberties of Massachusetts, not<br />
afraid to plead for Captain Preston after the Boston Massacre, not<br />
afraid to denounce the Gallic enthusiasm raised by Citizen Genet." 18<br />
Like John Adams, Pound always opposed the mob, because the<br />
mob will never discuss the questions. They can only riot. As Adams<br />
said when running for the legislature, "No democracy ever did exist<br />
or can exist." The answer of the offended American people to<br />
Pound's criticism of them was not a defense, but a subterfuge. Instead<br />
of trying him, and allowing him to air his arguments, as he<br />
had anticipated doing, the government officials put him in an insane<br />
asylum. He was removed to Washington's Gallinger Hospital,<br />
the temporary stopping place for dope fiends (many of them prostitutes)<br />
and other citizens who are due to be committed to St. Elizabeths<br />
Hospital.<br />
The file in the United States Court House in Washington, D.C.,<br />
"Criminal No. 76028, United States vs. Ezra Pound, charged with<br />
violation of Section I, Title 18, US Code (Treason)", is now<br />
marked "Case Closed". The chronology of the case is scrawled on<br />
the file cover in pencil and ink, with the following notations:<br />
"Nov. 26, 1945. Presentment and Indictment Filed.<br />
"Nov. 27, 1945. Defendant waives reading of the indictment and<br />
stands mute. Arraigned. Plea 'Not Guilty' entered by the Court. The<br />
motion for admission to bail is continued for further hearing until<br />
Dec. 14, 1945.<br />
"Dec. 21, 1945. Motion for admission to bail is further argued<br />
and by the Court denied. Order directing deft be sent to St. Elizabeth's<br />
Hospital for treatment and examination filed.