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22 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL joined us that afternoon. Many people who would have liked to visit him were fearful of doing so because they had to apply by letter. Since Ezra had been accused of treason against the present office-holders, those who visited him incurred considerable risk. A visitor might be promptly investigated by government agents, and some of them lost their jobs. Later on, journalists began to carp about the fact that some of Pound's visitors were anarchists or other types of extremists, the forerunners of the beatniks. But people who had something to lose could not afford to visit Pound and incur the inevitable penalties. Despite the fact that many literate persons who occupied subordinate positions in the government read and admired Pound's work, none of them dared to visit him. Even Huntingdon Cairns, who holds a fairly lofty post at the National Gallery, would only risk seeing Pound a few times during the twelve and a half years of his imprisonment in Washington. Consequently, Pound's visitors could be divided into two groups, the youthful and reckless art students, or beatniks, and those admirers of his work who came from other countries and were therefore immune to reprisals by the federal government. This group included scholars and diplomats from almost every country in the world except Russia. The Flemings were respectful but somewhat wary in their attitude toward Pound. They conducted themselves in the manner of Gray Ladies visiting a sickroom. They were proud to know him, but they were like a prim couple calling on a wealthy old uncle of whom they disapproved but whom they did not wish to alienate. They later complained to me that they had to endure harsh criticism from many of their liberal friends because they had been visiting Pound. It did not occur to them that their liberal friends should not dictate their choice in this matter. When John Kasper became a celebrated figure, the Flemings vanished from the scene and did not reappear for many months, although Pound neither sponsored nor approved of Kasper's political activities. For his part, Pound was very fond of the Flemings. They had been his earliest and most faithful visitors during the gloomiest years in the madhouse. They had arrived on the scene while he was

EZRA POUND 23 still confined in the "Hellhole", as he termed Howard Hall, the ward for the criminally insane. The Flemings came to see him about three times a week during most of the years of his imprisonment. Rudd was doing some Greek translations, and Polly was translating Laforgue and other French poets whom Ezra had introduced in America some years before. Although they had many literary interests in common, their politics were at the other extreme from Pound's, and any discussion that ventured into this realm would soon become acrimonious, as Polly was, like most of her persuasion, rather loquacious. Nevertheless, Pound delighted in teasing them by making an unfavorable reference to some "liberal" hero, perhaps to spur the conversation along. On this, my first visit, politics was not mentioned. Ezra and Rudd chatted about the Greeks, and Polly talked with Mrs. Pound. Occasionally, Ezra would screw his features into a terrible grimace and partly rise from his chair, as if he were trying to ward off some unseen threat. Neither his wife nor the Flemings would pay any attention to these actions, although they suggested that he might be suffering from an acute fit of madness. Thus did Macbeth envisage Banquo, and, looking behind me, I saw a lanky hillbilly, a rawboned fellow about twenty years old, with staring eyes and a face like an advertisement for a horror movie. Seeing that I was disturbed, Ezra rose from his chair and pushed the fellow out of the way. His actions on this occasion reminded me of Trotsky's quote from Tolstoy in his History of the Russian Revolution. Tolstoy describes an old man who was sitting by the side of the road and making wild gestures and fierce grimaces. Tolstoy at first supposed him to be mad, but on drawing near, he saw that the old man was merely sharpening a knife upon a stone. The hillbilly annoyed us again on subsequent visits, and Ezra sometimes got rid of him by giving him some small change. He was finally transferred to another ward, and we saw him no more. He was not at all like the other "Chestnuts", who were, if one may be excused this pleasantry, less violent nuts. The old men paced up and down the long corridor most of the day, or sat apathetically in chairs spaced along the walls. As Ezra said, "One can't be associated with gooks for long without being affected by it." I remember one of the more pathetic "Chestnuts", an old man

22 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL<br />

joined us that afternoon. Many people who would have liked to<br />

visit him were fearful of doing so because they had to apply by<br />

letter. Since Ezra had been accused of treason against the present<br />

office-holders, those who visited him incurred considerable risk. A<br />

visitor might be promptly investigated by government agents, and<br />

some of them lost their jobs.<br />

Later on, journalists began to carp about the fact that some of<br />

Pound's visitors were anarchists or other types of extremists, the<br />

forerunners of the beatniks. But people who had something to lose<br />

could not afford to visit Pound and incur the inevitable penalties.<br />

Despite the fact that many literate persons who occupied subordinate<br />

positions in the government read and admired Pound's work,<br />

none of them dared to visit him. Even Huntingdon Cairns, who<br />

holds a fairly lofty post at the National Gallery, would only risk<br />

seeing Pound a few times during the twelve and a half years of his<br />

imprisonment in Washington.<br />

Consequently, Pound's visitors could be divided into two groups,<br />

the youthful and reckless art students, or beatniks, and those admirers<br />

of his work who came from other countries and were therefore<br />

immune to reprisals by the federal government. This group<br />

included scholars and diplomats from almost every country in the<br />

world except Russia.<br />

The Flemings were respectful but somewhat wary in their attitude<br />

toward Pound. They conducted themselves in the manner of<br />

Gray Ladies visiting a sickroom. They were proud to know him,<br />

but they were like a prim couple calling on a wealthy old uncle of<br />

whom they disapproved but whom they did not wish to alienate.<br />

They later complained to me that they had to endure harsh criticism<br />

from many of their liberal friends because they had been visiting<br />

Pound. It did not occur to them that their liberal friends should not<br />

dictate their choice in this matter. When John Kasper became a<br />

celebrated figure, the Flemings vanished from the scene and did not<br />

reappear for many months, although Pound neither sponsored nor<br />

approved of Kasper's political activities.<br />

For his part, Pound was very fond of the Flemings. They had<br />

been his earliest and most faithful visitors during the gloomiest<br />

years in the madhouse. They had arrived on the scene while he was

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