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160 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL summer home on the Baltic Island of Hiddensee. He would spend his autumns at a resort in the Alps, and then go on to Rapallo. Yeats does not record whether he was able to exchange any conversation with Hauptmann, but they were almost the same age and had been successful for about the same number of decades. Hauptmann had received his Nobel Prize in 1912, while Yeats was a more recent winner, having been awarded this honor in 1923. Yeats again mentioned Hauptmann in a letter to Olivia Shakespear of December 12, 1929: "Hauptmann has returned. He also has had blood-pressure. He uncautiously ventured to the doctor, enticed there by his son though feeling 'perfectly well.' The doctor said, 'Blood-pressure, produced by the strain of walking upright, you must become a quadruped once more,' and put him to bed for a month, depriving him of meat dinners and champagne. 'But why should anybody say I drink too much champagne? I only drink two or three bottles a day, and there are men who drink four.' Now he is out of bed and can't make out why he feels so extraordinarily vigorous but is quite certain that the doctor is a great genius, especially as he is now allowed to eat and drink as much as he likes. (It would have been no use telling him not to.)" 10 The champagne regimen does not seem to have adversely affected Hauptmann. He lived on in good health until 1945, when the shock of seeing his home and the city of Dresden levelled by foreign bombers put him to bed, and he died soon afterwards. Ezra's early years in Rapallo were enlivened by an amusing struggle between himself and his old Vorticist cohort, Wyndham Lewis. The battle, an international affair, was fierce; the weapons were magazines. Lewis began the fray in January, 1927, with the first issue of a periodical which he called The Enemy. Although the number contained an article by T. S. Eliot, most of it was taken up with the first section of a book by Lewis, The Revolutionary Simpleton, which later appeared under the title, Time and Western Man (1927). The "revolutionary simpleton", of course, was none other than our Ezra. Lewis wrote, "He [Ezra] was a born revolutionary, a Trotsky of the written word and the painted shape. Where he detected
EZRA POUND 161 the slightest hint of fractious disposition, expressing itself in verse or pigment, he became delirious. He instructed the incipient roughneck how to construct the infernal machine, he would spare no pains. I have encountered many a carbuncular little protégé of Ezra's who would produce from a vest pocket a packet of letters, full of instructions and admonitions—all typed in a violent-blue ink, and written in the most fantastic jargon. A most healthy destructive force, but more promiscuous than is permissible. I have called him a 'revolutionary simpleton.' I take this occasion of calling him that again." 11 Lewis errs on the side of quantity when he only remembers the carbuncular protégés and ignores the writers who have derived positive benefit from Ezra's influence. He offers a rambling diatribe against the artistic Bohemians of the 1920s, whom Lewis in some way links with another of his dislikes, Oswald Spengler. He also tucks Gertrude Stein and Ezra into the same bed, which I am sure neither of them appreciated. Despite its inadequacies, the book found an enthusiast in Yeats. After reading it, he wrote to Olivia Shakespear on November 29, 1927, telling her that he liked the book very much. 12 Again, in a letter dated December 12, 1927, he asked her to "Tell Wyndham Lewis that I am in all essentials his most humble and admiring disciple." 13 Yeats wrote to Lady Gregory on April 11, 1928, from Villarssur-Bex, Switzerland, "Have you read Wyndham Lewis? He attacked Ezra Pound and Joyce in 'Time and Western Man' and is on my side of the fence philosophically. My essay takes up the controversy and explains Ezra Pound sufficiently to keep him as a friendly neighbor, for I see that in the winter he must take Russell's place of a Monday evening. He has most of Maud Gonne's opinions (political and economic) about the world in general, being what Lewis calls 'the revolutionary simpleton.' The chief difference is that he hates Palgrave's Golden Treasury as she does the Free State Government, and thinks even worse of its editor than she does of President Cosgrave. He has even her passion for cats and large numbers wait him every night at a certain street corner knowing that his pocket is full of meat bones or chicken bones. They belong to the oppressed races." 14
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160 THIS DIFFICULT INDIVIDUAL<br />
summer home on the Baltic Island of Hiddensee. He would spend<br />
his autumns at a resort in the Alps, and then go on to Rapallo.<br />
Yeats does not record whether he was able to exchange any<br />
conversation with Hauptmann, but they were almost the same age<br />
and had been successful for about the same number of decades.<br />
Hauptmann had received his Nobel Prize in 1912, while Yeats was<br />
a more recent winner, having been awarded this honor in 1923.<br />
Yeats again mentioned Hauptmann in a letter to Olivia Shakespear<br />
of December 12, 1929: "Hauptmann has returned. He<br />
also has had blood-pressure. He uncautiously ventured to the<br />
doctor, enticed there by his son though feeling 'perfectly well.'<br />
The doctor said, 'Blood-pressure, produced by the strain of walking<br />
upright, you must become a quadruped once more,' and put him<br />
to bed for a month, depriving him of meat dinners and champagne.<br />
'But why should anybody say I drink too much champagne? I<br />
only drink two or three bottles a day, and there are men who<br />
drink four.' Now he is out of bed and can't make out why he<br />
feels so extraordinarily vigorous but is quite certain that the doctor<br />
is a great genius, especially as he is now allowed to eat and drink<br />
as much as he likes. (It would have been no use telling him<br />
not to.)" 10<br />
The champagne regimen does not seem to have adversely affected<br />
Hauptmann. He lived on in good health until 1945, when<br />
the shock of seeing his home and the city of Dresden levelled by<br />
foreign bombers put him to bed, and he died soon afterwards.<br />
Ezra's early years in Rapallo were enlivened by an amusing<br />
struggle between himself and his old Vorticist cohort, Wyndham<br />
Lewis. The battle, an international affair, was fierce; the weapons<br />
were magazines. Lewis began the fray in January, 1927, with the<br />
first issue of a periodical which he called The Enemy. Although<br />
the number contained an article by T. S. Eliot, most of it was<br />
taken up with the first section of a book by Lewis, The Revolutionary<br />
Simpleton, which later appeared under the title, Time and<br />
Western Man (1927).<br />
The "revolutionary simpleton", of course, was none other than<br />
our Ezra.<br />
Lewis wrote, "He [Ezra] was a born revolutionary, a Trotsky<br />
of the written word and the painted shape. Where he detected