BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION ... - Francis Bennion

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BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION Fifth Edition Updating Notes (Version 24, 25 Mar 2010) 2. List of Provisions of Fifth Edition which are Updated below Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Division One. Interpreter, Instrument and Enactment ................................................................... 19 Part I. The Interpreter ....................................................................................................................... 19 Section 1. To „construe‟ or „interpret‟?............................................................................................. 19 Section 2. Interpreter‟s duty to arrive at legal meaning .................................................................... 19 Section 3. Real doubt as to legal meaning ........................................................................................ 19 Section 7. Types of interpreter (4) the subject .................................................................................. 19 Section 8. Duty to obey legislation ................................................................................................... 20 Section 9. Ignorantia juris neminem excusat .................................................................................... 20 Section 10. Mandatory and directory requirements .......................................................................... 20 Section 12. Where contracting out and waiver not allowed .............................................................. 21 Section 14. Civil sanction for disobedience (the tort of breach of statutory duty) ........................... 21 Section 15. Administrative or executive agencies ............................................................................ 21 Section 17. Investigating agencies .................................................................................................... 22 Section 18. Prosecuting agencies ...................................................................................................... 22 Section 19. Courts and other adjudicating authorities ...................................................................... 22 Section 20. Interpretation by adjudicating authorities ...................................................................... 23 Section 21. Doctrine of judicial notice .............................................................................................. 24 Section 23. Adjudicating authorities with appellate jurisdiction ...................................................... 24 Section 24. Judicial review ............................................................................................................... 25 Section 26. Dynamic processing of legislation by courts and other enforcement agencies .............. 25 Section 28. Types of Act ................................................................................................................... 25 Part II. The Instrument to be Interpreted: Acts of Parliament ...................................................... 25 Section 28. Types of Act ................................................................................................................... 25 Section 32. Overriding effect of an Act ............................................................................................ 25 Section 33. Uniqueness of an Act ..................................................................................................... 26 Section 34. Whether an Act binds the Crown: the doctrine of Crown immunity ............................. 26 Section 38. Royal assent (signification)............................................................................................ 26 Section 45. Settling of text of Act and promulgation........................................................................ 26 Section 48. Nature of a prerogative instrument ................................................................................ 26 Part III. The Instrument to be Interpreted: Subordinate Legislation ........................................... 27 Section 50. Nature of delegated legislation ...................................................................................... 27 Section 51. Parliamentary control of delegated legislation ............................................................... 27 Section 58. Ultra vires delegated legislation ..................................................................................... 27 Section 59. Delegated legislation: the rule of primary intention....................................................... 28 Section 65. Types of delegated legislation: (5) byelaws ................................................................... 28 Section 66. Types of delegated legislation: (6) other instruments .................................................... 28 Part IV. Commencement, Amendment and Repeal of Acts ............................................................ 28 Section 78. Textual amendment ........................................................................................................ 28 Section 81. Amendment by delegated legislation ............................................................................. 29 Section 82. Consequential amendment ............................................................................................. 29 Section 83. References to an amended enactment ............................................................................ 29 Section 85. Meaning of „repeal‟........................................................................................................ 29 Section 87. Implied repeal ................................................................................................................ 29 Section 88. Generalia specialibus non derogant ............................................................................... 29 Section 89. Savings on repeal ........................................................................................................... 30 Section 96. Transitional provisions on repeal, amendment etc ......................................................... 30 Section 97. Presumption against retrospective operation ................................................................. 30 Section 98. Retrospective operation: procedural provisions ............................................................. 30 Part V. Extent and Application of Acts ............................................................................................. 30 Section 103. The „extent‟ of an Act .................................................................................................. 30 www.francisbennion.com/5th-edn 2
BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION Fifth Edition Updating Notes (Version 24, 25 Mar 2010) Section 104. Uniform meaning throughout area of extent ................................................................ 31 Section 105. Composition of an enactment‟s territory...................................................................... 31 Section 106. Presumption of United Kingdom extent ...................................................................... 31 Section 128. General principles as to application ............................................................................. 31 Section 129. Application to foreigners and foreign matters within the territory .............................. 31 Section 131. Application to Britons and British matters outside the territory .................................. 32 Section 133. Deemed location of an omission .................................................................................. 32 Section 134. Deemed location of composite act or composite omission .......................................... 32 Part VI. The Enactment and the Facts ............................................................................................. 32 Section 136. Applying the enactment to the facts ............................................................................. 32 Section 139. Selective comminution ................................................................................................. 32 Section 142. Drafting presumed competent ...................................................................................... 32 Section 144. The legal thrust............................................................................................................. 33 Section 145. Relevant and irrelevant facts ........................................................................................ 33 Section 146. Proof of relevant facts .................................................................................................. 33 Section 149. Opposing constructions of an enactment ..................................................................... 33 Division Two. The Legal Meaning of an Enactment ........................................................................ 33 Part VII. Grammatical and Strained Constructions ....................................................................... 33 Section 150. Nature of the legal meaning ......................................................................................... 33 Section 158. When strained construction needed ............................................................................. 34 Part VIII. Legislative Intention ......................................................................................................... 34 Section 163: Legislative intention as the paramount criterion .......................................................... 34 Section 164. Is legislative intention fictitious? ................................................................................. 34 Section 166. The duplex approach to legislative intention ............................................................... 34 Section 167. Legislative intention and delegation to the court ......................................................... 34 Section 171. Intention distinguished from motive ............................................................................ 35 Part IX. Filling in the Textual Detail ................................................................................................. 35 Section 172. Nature of a legislative implication ............................................................................... 35 Section 173. Is it legitimate to draw implications? ........................................................................... 35 Section 174. When legislative implications are legitimate ............................................................... 35 Section 175. When legislative implications affect related law ......................................................... 36 Section 176. Dynamic processing by the court (stare decisis) .......................................................... 36 Section 177. Interstitial articulation (general) ................................................................................... 36 Section 179. Interstitial articulation by the court .............................................................................. 37 Part X. Interpretative Criteria and Interpretative Factors ............................................................ 37 Section 182. Strict and liberal construction ...................................................................................... 37 Section 185. Interpretative factors all pointing one way ................................................................... 37 Division Three. Rules of Construction .............................................................................................. 37 Part XI. Rules of Construction (General) ......................................................................................... 37 Section 192. Nature of rules of construction ..................................................................................... 37 Section 193. Basic rule of statutory interpretation ............................................................................ 38 Section 195. The plain meaning rule ................................................................................................ 38 Section 197. The commonsense construction rule ............................................................................ 38 Section 198. The rule ut res magis valeat quam pereat ..................................................................... 39 Part XII Rules of Construction Laid Down by Statute ................................................................... 39 Section 199. Statutory definitions ..................................................................................................... 39 Section 200. The Interpretation Act 1978 ......................................................................................... 40 Part XIII. The Informed Interpretation Rule (General) ................................................................. 40 Section 201. Statement of the rule .................................................................................................... 40 Section 202 The „context‟ of an enactment ...................................................................................... 41 Section 205. Interpreter‟s need for legal knowledge ........................................................................ 41 Section 210. The pre-Act law ........................................................................................................... 41 www.francisbennion.com/5th-edn 3
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