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First, this model assumes that within one of
two forms of participation of managers in sport
(usage, and business participation) lies the properties
of managers-respondents themselves, including
the properties of the company whose management
they belong to, and they do not change for
the long period of time so the subjects of managing
sports organization can rely on them only as
on the strategic factors with optimal or adverse
effect. Second, we may assume that there are the
characteristics of respondents that tend to change
over a short period of time, and they reflect the
changeable circumstances (situation) so the operational
management of sports organization can rely
on them (formulation of tactic ways for getting a
manager to invest in sport).
The starting relation refers to the development
of participation of managers from usage to their
business form. The users’ participation in this model
is manifesting dependent variable in relation with
exogenic manifesting variable (or battery of variables)
of sports culture of managers. This last variable
includes sport needs and habits of respondents
gained while being into sport before their taking a
position of manager in that company.
The environment of the company is important
for establishing and development of business participation
of managers in sport. This environment
is defined by three dimensions – a set of manifesting
variables. The dimension of structure – which
includes the characteristics of the company, its
resources (employment, equipment), business
potentials (funds, total income, accumulation),
the position in the market (positioning, dynamic
of business effects), its structure (the hierarchy
of management), and especially socio-structural
characteristics of managers (sex, age, marital status,
education). This dimension includes the variables
which do not change over a short period of
time, so they act as determinants (the factors with
timely predictable effects).
The dimension of relationship – expresses the
relationship between managing factors of the company
and sport, current and future sport activities
taken by the staff of the company, including managers
(and members of their families), estimating
business interest of the company for particular
sport and concrete sports organization, attempts
of the company to have interest through sport
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which cannot be achieved in any other way (with
a lower business effect). This dimension includes
variables that can vary in a shorter period of time
and they represent dependent variables under the
influence of structural dimensions of entrepreneur
environment and sport culture of the managers.
The dimension of the process – expresses manifesting
effective relationship of the company and
sport, use of sports services and resources of certain
sports organizations (by employees and managers
of the company), supporting sports organizations
(free transport services, funds, financial donations),
business transactions of the companies and certain
sports organizations (compensations, business
contracts, renting business premises, joint venture
in additional activities of the sports organizations,
advertising), sponsorship. This dimension sums up
the effect of the two previous dimensions so it has
an emphasized influence on the business participation
of managers in sport (managers here act as
authorized agents of the company). The list of all
variables is given in Appendix 1.
The determined relations of five dimensions of
structural model do not include a more complex
set of influence of exogenic and endogenic manifesting
variables. The analysis does not include a
probable set of latent variables which have not undergone
empirical research procedure (they have
not been considered in the formulated questions
of the survey). In order to use this latent space in
the structural model, we tested structural model by
using SEPATH procedure (Statistica, Version 9.0).
Results
The main result obtained by empirical analysis
(Figure 2) confirms that the following can be extracted
from the collected empirical data: a) Three
dimensions of independent variables (exogenic
manifesting dimensions): 1) Structural characteristics
of respondents (including their sport culture),
2) The environment of the company, and 3)
The environment of sports organization; b) Two
dimensions of intermediary independent variables
(manifesting endogenic dimensions): 1) The relationship
of managers towards sport, and 2) The effects
of participation; c) The dimension of criteria
variables: Form and Duration of the participation
of managers in sport.
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