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If you have<br />

only one<br />

option, you<br />

can only<br />

respond to<br />

one type of<br />

situation.<br />

Whether you only have a deadly weapon or only have a collection of joint locks or<br />

only have a sweet disposition and a way with words, hoping you will run into the<br />

right problem to match your skills isn’t a strategy. It’s actually kind of dumb.<br />

Lower Levels<br />

[ BY RORY MILLER ]<br />

“Why should someone who knows how to shoot and carries<br />

a gun also learn how to use lesser levels of force?”<br />

It didn’t sound like a serious question,<br />

at first. More like the kind of<br />

thing you would use to start a conversation<br />

or an argument. Still, it made<br />

me think and sometimes things have to<br />

be put into words.<br />

To begin with, the things that should<br />

be obvious are:<br />

Legally, ethically and practically,<br />

shooting someone is rarely the right answer.<br />

The competing harms doctrine<br />

(see below) stipulates that deadly<br />

force is justified if and only if you believe<br />

yourself or a third party to be in<br />

immediate danger of death or serious<br />

physical injury. Maine’s statutes<br />

on competing harm reads (Maine<br />

of Force<br />

Criminal Code Part 1 Chapter 5):<br />

103. Competing harms<br />

1. Conduct that the person believes<br />

to be necessary to avoid imminent<br />

physical harm to that person or another<br />

is justifiable if the desirability and urgency<br />

of avoiding such harm outweigh,<br />

according to ordinary standards of reasonableness,<br />

the harm sought to be prevented<br />

by the statute defining the crime<br />

charged. The desirability and urgency<br />

of such conduct may not rest upon considerations<br />

pertaining to the morality<br />

and advisability of such statute.<br />

[ 2007, c. 173, §18 (AMD) .]<br />

2. When the person was reckless or<br />

criminally negligent in bringing about<br />

the circumstances requiring a choice of<br />

harms or in appraising the necessity of<br />

the person’s conduct, the justification<br />

provided in subsection 1 does not apply<br />

in a prosecution for any crime for which<br />

recklessness or criminal negligence, as<br />

the case may be, suffices to establish<br />

criminal liability.<br />

[ 2007, c. 173, §18 (AMD) .]<br />

To boil it down, in the eyes of the<br />

courts and in the minds of most humans,<br />

people are more important than<br />

stuff. Some state statutes differ, for instance<br />

Texas Penal Code 2.9.42 reads:<br />

Sec. 9.42. DEADLY FORCE TO<br />

PROTECT PROPERTY. A person is justified<br />

in using deadly force against another<br />

to protect land or tangible, movable<br />

property:<br />

(1) if he would be justified in using<br />

force against the other under Section<br />

9.41; and<br />

38<br />

<strong>US</strong>CONCEALEDCARRY.COM n CONCEALED CARRY MAGAZINE n MAY/JUNE 2011

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