ABSTRACTS – ORAL PRESENTATIONS - AMCA, spol. s r.o.

P93. FLOW CYTOMETRY STUDY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF
β-D-GLUCAN AND LOW DOSE OF T-2 TOXIN IN CHICKENS
Viera Revajová 1 , Martin Levkut 1 , Viera Spišáková 1 , Zuzana Ševčíková 1 , Katarína
Bobíková 1 , Eva Husáková 1 , Mária Levkutová 1 , Dominika Pejová 1 , Ema Paulovičová 2 ,
Mikuláš Levkut 1
1
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Slovak Republic; revajova@uvm.sk
2
Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Science, Slovak Republic
There is an increasing awareness of the hazard posed to both human and animal health
by the presence of toxins produced by fungi in food and feed. Mycotoxins, where T-2
toxin is included, have a diversity of chemical structures which accounts for different
biological effects. They can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, immunotoxic,
etc. One way of trying to inhibit the uptake of mycotoxins from contaminated feed is
the use of mycotoxin binders. Facing the relative inefficacy of the clay binders towards
mycotoxins others than aflatoxins, natural organic binders, such as yeast and lactic
acid bacteria, have been shown to bind the different mycotoxins strongly to cell wall
components (Kolossova et al., 2009). Another beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria
and yeasts are nutritional values and improving of immunity.
A significant amount of ß-glucan entered the proximal intestine shortly after ingestion.
Its transit through the proximal intestine decreased during time with a simultaneous
increase in the ileum. Despite low systemic blood levels (less than 0.5%), significant
systemic immunomodulating effects in terms of humoral and cellular immune responses
were demonstrated (Větvička et al., 2007). Based on in vitro studies, ß-glucans act on
several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6
and trigger a group of immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes,
natural killer cells and dendritic cells. As a consequence, both innate and adaptive
response can be modulated by ß-glucans and they can also enhance opsonic and nonopsonic
phagocytosis (Chan et al., 2009) and various types of interleukins.
T-2 toxin was first isolated from the mould Fusarium tricinctum and belongs to nonmacrocyclic
type A trichothecenes. After exposure by oral, dermal or inhalation route it
can cause severe effects in various animal organs and tissues. In poultry, the toxic effects
can be classified as genotoxic, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory.T-2 toxin can damage
digestive system and liver, nervous system, skin and impairment poultry performance
(Sokolović et al., 2008). Daily tolerated dose for T-2 toxin was established to 0.06 μg.kg -1 /
body weight and limited dose in diet is 0.1 mg.kg -1 .
T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin with immunomodulatory activity. Its mode of action is time- and
dose-dependent. Immunosupression is the result of high doses. Immunostimulation is
caused by low doses, and is evidenced by increase serum IgA and IgE antibodies because
of rapid and transient activation of the genes responsible for the function of the immune
system as well as genes important for inflammation response (Minervini et al., 2005).
In the present study ß-D-glucan isolated from Candida albicans was perorally administered
to chickens prior to feeding the diet artificially contaminated with low dose of T-2 toxin.
The aim of the experiment was to determinate the changes of immunocompetent cells
Analytical Cytometry VII 199