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536 The Absolute Monarchy that He is of a different essence and of a different substance from the Father; and is susceptible of variation or change. STUDIES 1. What blameworthy traits does Aurelius Victor find in Diocletian? What good quahties does he mention? Describe Maximian. How were the emperors and Caesars distributed over the empire? Describe the administration. How does this view compare with that of Lactantius (Ch. XLHI. i)? Why did Diocletian resign? 2. What was the object of the Edict of Prices? What difficulties would naturally be encountered in enforcing it? How do the prices compare with those of to-day? 3. What was the character of Diocletian's persecution? What was the poHcy of Constantius with reference to it? 4. What led to the edict of Galerius? What are its terms? Did he believe in the existence of the Christians' God? 5. What seems to have been Constantine's motive in decorating the shields with the monogram of Christ? Did it contribute to the victory? 6. What are the terms of the "Edict of Milan"? Were they thereafter observed? 7. What are the main beliefs of the Nicene Creed? What doctrine is here condemned?
CHAPTER XLIII SOME ASPECTS OF THE DECLINE I. The Oppression of Diocletian While Diocletian, that author of ill and deviser of His ruinous misery, was ruining all things, he could not withhold his ^°^^'^^' insults, not even against God. Partly by avarice and in xlflfan^'^r »'» part by timid counsels this man overturned the '^'^«'^* Roman '^« empire. For he made a choice of three persons to share died, vii. the government with him; and thus the empire was quar- tered, armies were multiplied, and each of the four princes strove to maintain a much more considerable military force than any sole emperor had done in times past. There began to be fewer men who paid taxes than there wxre who received wages ; accordingly the means of the husbandmen were exhausted by enormous impositions; farms were abandoned; cultivated grounds became woodland, and Ancient '^^°''''^' si? ff. universal dismay prevailed. Furthermore the provinces Oppressive were di\"ided into minute portions; and many governors and a multitude of inferior ofl&cers lay heavy on each worid^^^oL territory and almost on every city. There were many stewards of different degrees and many deputies of the governors. Very few civil cases came before them, but there were condemnations daily, and forfeitures were frequently inflicted. There were taxes on numberless commodities, and those not only often repeated but perpetual, and in exacting them intolerable wrongs. Whatever was imposed for the maintenance of the soldiery might have been endured; but through his insatiable 537
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^ THE O \W LIBRARIES q / ^'^J- or
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THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Wfl iV YORK
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v AUG 2 6 1943 Copyright, 1912, Ev
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vi Preface "History of Classical Gr
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Introduction CONTENTS BOOK I THE OR
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A Source-Book of Ancient History BO
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Bibliography 3 who gradually added
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. CHAPTER II EGYPT I. The Nile The
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The Greatest Pyramid 7 This causewa
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The Earliest Extant Treaty 9 childr
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Rameses II ii like my Majesty. . .
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The Nile a Deity 13 Strong is Amon,
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Tombs; Precepts 15 Come and prosper
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Precepts 17 refrains," says the aud
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Precepts 19 all day long has not on
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An Epitaph 21 His justifi- • , ,
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Miseries of Labor 23 I have not see
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Miseries of Labor 25 heavy bond com
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i CHAPTER III THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES
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The Oldest Extant Code 29 summits r
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Assyria 31 If a man hire a field la
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Babylon 3^ strongly overlaid its ga
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The Great Flood 35 partments; its f
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The Great Flood 37 but found no foo
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Astronomy; Magic 39 II. The man who
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Babylonian Marriage 41 had made an
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mation. Sea-Purple and Tin 43 The s
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Colonization and Commerce 45 loaded
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The Gift of the Alphabet 47 Dan als
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: The Ten Commandments 49 Thou shal
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Solomon's Temple 51 round about, ag
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Solomon's Temple 53 the other cheru
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CHAPTER V THE MEDIAN AND PERSIAN EM
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Darius 57 Darius the King says, "Al
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Persian Religion 59 destroy it, him
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Opinion of Other Nations 6i the mou
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The Dead 63 hands in it, nor allow
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Mithra; Healing 65 ears well-shapen
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Sources for the earlier periods. A
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Sophocles. lb. 214. Euripides. lb.
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: The orators: Demosthenes, 384- 32
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Nepos, about 99-24 B.C. Pompeius, T
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76 Introduction to the Sources Just
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78 The Cretan and Mycenaean Civiliz
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8o The Cretan and Mycenaean Civiliz
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82 The Epic or Homeric Age expoundi
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84 The Epic or Homeric Age Vintage.
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86 The Epic or Homeric Age The chie
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Aphrodite. Diodorus v. 73-5- A ncie
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Odysseus prepares to speak with the
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92 Myth and Religion So spake I, an
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: The Treasure-Houses. Strabo ix. 3
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96 Myth and Religion autumnal conve
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98 The City-State and Its Developme
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loo The City-State and Its Developm
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IG2 The City-State and Its Developm
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I04 Economy and Colonization sowing
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io6 Economy and Colonization A less
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io8 Economy and Colonization Govern
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no Economy and Colonization small f
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112 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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ii6 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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ii8 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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— — It is only from such docume
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124 Athens had proved incapable in
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126 Athens Oppression of the poor.
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Method of filling the archonship. l
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I30 Athens Justification of his pol
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132 Athens The people deprived of t
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134 Athens His death; his children.
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— 136 Ath ens struction of innoce
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138 Athens with a few persons secre
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I40 Athens 2. What were the chief f
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— The fight is for home and count
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144 The Poets and the Philosophers
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! 146 The Poets and the Philosopher
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148 The Poets and the Philosophers
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— 150 The Poets and the Philosoph
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Aristagoras determines to revolt, 4
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154 The Ionic Revolt And when he ca
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The princess Gorgo lays down the mo
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The capture of Sardis. lb. loo. The
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i6o The Ionic Revolt The fate of we
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Darius plans to subdue Hellas. Hero
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164 The War Between Greece and Pers
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1 66 The War Between Greece and Per
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i68 The War Between Greece and Pers
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— lyo The War Between Greece and
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— 172 The War Between Greece and
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174 The War Between Greece and Pers
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176 The Delian Confederacy II. The
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178 The Delian Confederacy Imperial
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; CHAPTER XVIII THE AGE OF PERICLES
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l82 The Age of Pericles On ostracis
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1 84 The Age of Pericles On this Th
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i86 The Age of Pericles The money f
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i88 The Age of Pericles Pheidiasand
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On the national games; A ncient Wor
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Their father CEdipub had been king,
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— 194 The Age of Pericles ApoUo.
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196 The Age of Pericles Hierocles,
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' The authorities want an alliance
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200 The Age of Pericles Wasps, 549
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202 The Age of Pericles And cosily
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— 204 The Age of Pericles wealth
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^" 206 The Age of Pericles \ X. Cha
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^ 208 The Age of Pericles •J^a{ L
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2IO The Age of Pericles seem to be
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212 The Peloponnesian War time the
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The Athenians had condemned all to
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2i6 The Peloponnesian War however t
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CHAPTER XX FROM THE SICILIAN EXPEDI
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2 20 Sicilian Expedition to End of
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222 Sicilian Expedition to End of W
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Character. Plut., Ale. 2. Musical e
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242 Sicily: the Tyrant and the Libe
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244 Sicily : the Tyrant and the Lib
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246 Sicily : the Tyrant and the Lib
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248 The Supremacy of Sparta The pat
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250 The Supremacy of Sparta midst o
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252 The Supremacy of Sparta more th
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Unable to march farther. They reach
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256 The Supremacy of Sparta III. Th
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CHAPTER XXIII THEBES ATTEMPTS TO GA
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26o Thebes Attempts to Gain Suprema
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262 Thebes Attempts to Gain Suprema
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i Results of the battle. Ancient Wo
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^ !ii'l n ' \ The Greeks are respon
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268 Rise of Macedon another is dest
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270 Rise of Macedon Hellenic league
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272 Rise of Macedon A ncient World,
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274 Rise of Macedon Alleged speech
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The reasons for his success. Plutar
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278 Alexander's Empire I abundance
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28o Alexander's Empire renown of Pe
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282 Alexander's Empire STUDIES 1. W
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284 Greek Life and Thought She is r
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286 Greek Life and Thought "And wha
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288 Greek Life and Thought have it
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290 Greek Life and Thought first ar
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292 Greek Life and Thought Old age
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The Greek attitude toward moneymaki
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296 Greek Life and Thought STUDIES
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298 The Hellenistic Age , freedom,
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300 The Hellenistic Age The offer r
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302 The Hellenistic Age A slight la
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304 The Hellenistic Age Advantages
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3o6 The Hellenistic Age Sema, an en
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3o8 The Hellenistic Age A stadium i
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Milligan, p. gf. i68 B.C. In Egypt
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— BOOK III Rome CHAPTER XXVII] A.
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The Ao-e of Cicero 315 arose till t
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— The Augustan Age 317 Tiberius,
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Tacitus and Juvenal 319 the period
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— Second and Third Centuries A.D.
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Fourth and Fifth Centuries A.D. 323
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Authors and Documents 325 Aurelius
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Northern Italy 327 To the south of
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Central and Southern Italy 329 They
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The City of Rome 331 wines. . . . F
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Studies 333 3. How does Latium comp
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Patricians, Plebeians and Clients 3
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Institutions of Romulus 337 Roman c
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peace with Rome. Guilds and Priests
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Religious Festivals 341 the shade m
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The Census Classes 343 class. The s
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A Great Temple 345 IV. The Temple o
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Studies 347 2. What religious insti
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Early Republican Institutions 349 s
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Early Roman Laws 351 that after bot
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The Tribal Assembly 353 as a slave
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' Consular Tribunes; Censors 355 be
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The Licinian Laws 357 and then publ
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Hortensian Law 359 vote or followin
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CHAPTER XXXI THE EARLY REPUBLIC: (I
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The Gauls at Rome 363 The Romans ma
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Greek Invasion of Italy 365 mass of
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Pyrrhus Defeats the Romans 367 (Whe
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Italy for the Italians 369 could no
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. ROMAN ORGANIZATION; CHAPTER XXXII
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Organization of Latium 373 was rest
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The Army; Coinage 375 they were una
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Early Roman Art 377 we see an Atala
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CHAPTER XXXIII THE FIRST AND SECOND
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Hamilcar 381 plied with a harbor, c
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— Hannibal 383 III. The Battle of
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The Battle of Lake Trasimene 385 co
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The Character of Hannibal 387 skill
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CHAPTER XXXIV THE END OF GREEK FREE
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The Historian's Duty 391 courage, b
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Roman Envoys Insulted 393 and Gauis
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Destruction of Corinth 395 and fain
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CHAPTER XXXV GROWTH OF PLUTOCRACY;
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. The Senate and the People 399 the
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Governmental Balances; Religion 401
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' Funeral Customs 403 the others wh
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Agriculture 405 it To obtain wealth
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Supervision of the Farm 407 way his
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Hostility to Advanced Studies 409 I
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— — Character and Habits of Cat
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Cato's Proverbs 413 He said, too, "
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Cato as Censor 415 ought to contrib
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CHAPTER XXXVI THE REVOLUTION: (I) F
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The Agrarian Law 419 by forbidding
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Deposition of a Tribune 421 to him
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Gaius Gracchus as Administrator 423
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Proposal to Extend the Citizenship
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Marius and Sulla 427 This war, dive
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Sulla's Proscriptions 429 him and e
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Dictatorship of Sulla 431 avoid bei
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CHAPTER XXXVII THE REVOLUTION: (II)
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Spartacus 435 as soldier with the R
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a War with the Pirates 437 on his f
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Cicero Denounces Catiline 439 All t
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Cicero against Catiline 441 behavio
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Cassar 443 1 upon Caesar violently
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Gallic Society 445 heritance or abo
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July. Dictatorship of Cssar 447 Man
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— Caesar's Death; Character 449 i
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Supervision of Streets 451 urban qu
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Municipal Census 453 ever wishes sh
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Octavius 455 Octavius was the son o
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— Propertius ; Lucretius 457 fume
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Origin of Religion 459 limited, abl
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— A Refuge from Care 461 Ke grins
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Review 463 9. Who was Catullus (cf.
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Personal Character; Government 465
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Oath of Lo3'alty 467 the progress o
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' Ludi Ssculares 469 the quirites i
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— The Secular Hymn 471 Now, even
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The Campus Martius 473 hindrance, a
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Tiberius 475 VIII. The Character an
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Moderation and Generosity 477 to my
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Review 479 STUDIES 1. Describe the
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On Granting the Citizenship 481 the
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Palace; Administration 483 building
Page 501 and 502: . Vespasian; the Jews 485 which had
Page 503 and 504: Few Survivors 487 dence and learnin
Page 505 and 506: Fleeing from Rain 489 jured me to m
Page 507 and 508: • Provincial Administration 491 1
Page 509 and 510: A Quickly Made Croesus 493 Serapa,
Page 511 and 512: Social Life 495 is a difficult matt
Page 513 and 514: .Correspondence 497 1 Herraocrates
Page 515 and 516: The Unpleasantness of Rome 499 in t
Page 517 and 518: Studies 501 3. From these letters a
Page 519 and 520: " Provision against Fires 503 have
Page 521 and 522: Endowment for Poor Children 505 com
Page 523 and 524: Hadrian's Travels 507 and no empero
Page 525 and 526: Hadrian's Laws 509 rejected, and no
Page 527 and 528: — The Harmony of all Things 511 w
Page 529 and 530: Death and Immortality 513 when they
Page 531 and 532: ; God Sees and Protects 515 Him and
Page 533 and 534: A Burial Society- Si? that whoever
Page 535 and 536: Correspondence 519 Serenus the son
Page 537 and 538: CHAPTER XLI EARLY HISTORY OF CHRIST
Page 539 and 540: Beginning of Persecutions 523 thus
Page 541 and 542: Harsher Persecutions 525 evident th
Page 543 and 544: CHAPTER XLII THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
Page 545 and 546: Reorganization of the Empire 529 qu
Page 547 and 548: 1 Edict of Prices 531 becomes impos
Page 549 and 550: Constantine 533 institutions of the
Page 551: Toleration; Uniformity 535 about th
Page 555 and 556: Oppression 539 Drietor; hence it se
Page 557 and 558: Depopulation; Incipient Feudalism 5
Page 559 and 560: Moral Depravity 543 their evil pass
Page 561 and 562: Warfare; Government 545 which they
Page 563 and 564: Justice; ''Companionship" 547 king,
Page 565 and 566: Peace 549 the year's yield than to
Page 567 and 568: Family and Kin 551 hair: they are o
Page 569 and 570: Slavery 553 lances. Practice has pe
Page 571 and 572: The Huns 555 wander about roaming o
Page 573 and 574: Review 557 without any provocation,
Page 575 and 576: The Sack of Rome 559 but scourged a
Page 577 and 578: — Advice to a Monk 561 If on your
Page 579 and 580: Rule of St. Benedict 563 such a way
Page 581 and 582: Oft-Wedded 565 and have renounced t
Page 583 and 584: Angels; Miracles 567 law: and from
Page 585 and 586: Heresies; Education 569 be cancelle
Page 587 and 588: Teaching 571 things earthly unto Th
Page 589 and 590: Review 573 Q. What view of miracles
Page 591 and 592: Future Life 575 a crowd of the form
Page 593 and 594: Charles the Great 577 III. Charlema
Page 595 and 596: His Activity; Personal Appearance 5
Page 597 and 598: His Education 581 the Roman fashion
Page 599 and 600: Crowned Emperor 583 the intention o
Page 601 and 602: INDEX Achaean, league, 297-301; war
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Index 587 Delos, 212; confederacy o
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Index 589 Heraclea, battle of, 367
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Index 591 Parilia, 334 Paterculus,
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Index 593 Sparta, rise of, 1 11-21;
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JOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 03150
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