A source-book of ancient history - The Search For Mecca

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X Contents CHAPTER PAGE XXII. The Supremacy of Sparta 247 XXIII. Thebes Attempts to Gain the Supremacy 258 XXIV. The Rise of Macedon 266 XXV. Alexander's Empire 276 XXVI. Greek Life and Thought 283 XXVII. The Hellenistic Age 297 BOOK III ROME XXVIII. A. Introduction to the Sources 313 . 371 B. Italy and Her People 326 XXIX. Rome Under the Kings 334 XXX. The Early Republic: (I) The Plebeians Win Their Rights 348 XXXI. The Early Republic: (II) Rome Becomes Supreme IN Italy 361 XXXII. Roman Organization: Progress in Culture. . XXXIII. The First and Second Punic Wars 379 XXXIV. The End of Greek Freedom 389 XXXV. Growth of Plutocracy; Progress in Civilization 397 XXXVI. The Revolution: (I) From Plutocracy to Military Rule 4^7 XXXVII. The Revolution: (II) The Military Power in Conflict with the Republic 433 XXXVIII. The Founding of the Principate; Augustus and Tiberius 464 XXXIX. From Principate to Monarchy: The Claudian and Flavian Princes 480 XL. The Period of the Five Good Emperors 502 XLI. Early History of Christianity 521 XLII. The Absolute Monarchy 527 XLIII. Some Aspects of the Decline 537 XLIV. The Northern Barbarians 544 XLV. Roman Life Under the Late Empire 558 XLVL The Mohammedans and the Prankish Power ..574 Index 585
A Source-Book of Ancient History BOOK I The Oriental CHAPTER I Nations INTRODUCTION TO THE SOURCES At the opening of the last century almost our only Greek sources of information for • ancient -r-y Egypt, T^ 1 1 • Babylonia, sources* and Assyria were the works of the Greeks. For the earlier history of the first two countries here named these writers had to depend largely on folk tales, which though not real history throw a clearer light on the customs and thought of the Orientals than could any narrative of events however detailed. Even at the present day, notwithstanding the vast accumulation of other sources, we are attracted to Herodotus, "the Father of History," who visited Egypt and Babylon about the middle of the fifth century B.C. In simple, charming style, he wrote down what he himself saw and what the priests and others told him of native history, religion, social customs, and achievements in engineering and architecture. Although we can place little dependence upon his account of earlier times, his own age he portrays with great fidelity. For geography, products, and to some extent customs we may still use Strabo, the famous Greek geographer who wrote in the first century of the Christian era. Scattered through Greek and Roman literature are many incidental but I See chapter
Page 2: ^ THE O \W LIBRARIES q / ^'^J- or
Page 8 and 9: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Wfl iV YORK
Page 10 and 11: v AUG 2 6 1943 Copyright, 1912, Ev
Page 12 and 13: vi Preface "History of Classical Gr
Page 15: Introduction CONTENTS BOOK I THE OR
Page 19 and 20: Bibliography 3 who gradually added
Page 21 and 22: . CHAPTER II EGYPT I. The Nile The
Page 23 and 24: The Greatest Pyramid 7 This causewa
Page 25 and 26: The Earliest Extant Treaty 9 childr
Page 27 and 28: Rameses II ii like my Majesty. . .
Page 29 and 30: The Nile a Deity 13 Strong is Amon,
Page 31 and 32: Tombs; Precepts 15 Come and prosper
Page 33 and 34: Precepts 17 refrains," says the aud
Page 35 and 36: Precepts 19 all day long has not on
Page 37 and 38: An Epitaph 21 His justifi- • , ,
Page 39 and 40: Miseries of Labor 23 I have not see
Page 41 and 42: Miseries of Labor 25 heavy bond com
Page 43 and 44: i CHAPTER III THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES
Page 45 and 46: The Oldest Extant Code 29 summits r
Page 47 and 48: Assyria 31 If a man hire a field la
Page 49 and 50: Babylon 3^ strongly overlaid its ga
Page 51 and 52: The Great Flood 35 partments; its f
Page 53 and 54: The Great Flood 37 but found no foo
Page 55 and 56: Astronomy; Magic 39 II. The man who
Page 57 and 58: Babylonian Marriage 41 had made an
Page 59 and 60: mation. Sea-Purple and Tin 43 The s
Page 61 and 62: Colonization and Commerce 45 loaded
Page 63 and 64: The Gift of the Alphabet 47 Dan als
Page 65 and 66: : The Ten Commandments 49 Thou shal
Page 67 and 68:
Solomon's Temple 51 round about, ag
Page 69 and 70:
Solomon's Temple 53 the other cheru
Page 71 and 72:
CHAPTER V THE MEDIAN AND PERSIAN EM
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Darius 57 Darius the King says, "Al
Page 75 and 76:
Persian Religion 59 destroy it, him
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Opinion of Other Nations 6i the mou
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The Dead 63 hands in it, nor allow
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Mithra; Healing 65 ears well-shapen
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Sources for the earlier periods. A
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Sophocles. lb. 214. Euripides. lb.
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: The orators: Demosthenes, 384- 32
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Nepos, about 99-24 B.C. Pompeius, T
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76 Introduction to the Sources Just
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78 The Cretan and Mycenaean Civiliz
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8o The Cretan and Mycenaean Civiliz
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82 The Epic or Homeric Age expoundi
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84 The Epic or Homeric Age Vintage.
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86 The Epic or Homeric Age The chie
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Aphrodite. Diodorus v. 73-5- A ncie
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Odysseus prepares to speak with the
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92 Myth and Religion So spake I, an
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: The Treasure-Houses. Strabo ix. 3
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96 Myth and Religion autumnal conve
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98 The City-State and Its Developme
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loo The City-State and Its Developm
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IG2 The City-State and Its Developm
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I04 Economy and Colonization sowing
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io6 Economy and Colonization A less
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io8 Economy and Colonization Govern
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no Economy and Colonization small f
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112 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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ii6 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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ii8 Sparta and the Peloponnesian Le
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— — It is only from such docume
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124 Athens had proved incapable in
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126 Athens Oppression of the poor.
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Method of filling the archonship. l
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I30 Athens Justification of his pol
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132 Athens The people deprived of t
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134 Athens His death; his children.
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— 136 Ath ens struction of innoce
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138 Athens with a few persons secre
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I40 Athens 2. What were the chief f
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— The fight is for home and count
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144 The Poets and the Philosophers
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! 146 The Poets and the Philosopher
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148 The Poets and the Philosophers
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— 150 The Poets and the Philosoph
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Aristagoras determines to revolt, 4
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154 The Ionic Revolt And when he ca
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The princess Gorgo lays down the mo
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The capture of Sardis. lb. loo. The
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i6o The Ionic Revolt The fate of we
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Darius plans to subdue Hellas. Hero
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164 The War Between Greece and Pers
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1 66 The War Between Greece and Per
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i68 The War Between Greece and Pers
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— lyo The War Between Greece and
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— 172 The War Between Greece and
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174 The War Between Greece and Pers
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176 The Delian Confederacy II. The
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178 The Delian Confederacy Imperial
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; CHAPTER XVIII THE AGE OF PERICLES
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l82 The Age of Pericles On ostracis
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1 84 The Age of Pericles On this Th
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i86 The Age of Pericles The money f
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i88 The Age of Pericles Pheidiasand
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On the national games; A ncient Wor
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Their father CEdipub had been king,
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— 194 The Age of Pericles ApoUo.
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196 The Age of Pericles Hierocles,
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' The authorities want an alliance
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200 The Age of Pericles Wasps, 549
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202 The Age of Pericles And cosily
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— 204 The Age of Pericles wealth
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^" 206 The Age of Pericles \ X. Cha
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^ 208 The Age of Pericles •J^a{ L
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2IO The Age of Pericles seem to be
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212 The Peloponnesian War time the
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The Athenians had condemned all to
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2i6 The Peloponnesian War however t
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CHAPTER XX FROM THE SICILIAN EXPEDI
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2 20 Sicilian Expedition to End of
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222 Sicilian Expedition to End of W
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Character. Plut., Ale. 2. Musical e
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Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
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Page 256 and 257:
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242 Sicily: the Tyrant and the Libe
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244 Sicily : the Tyrant and the Lib
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246 Sicily : the Tyrant and the Lib
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248 The Supremacy of Sparta The pat
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250 The Supremacy of Sparta midst o
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252 The Supremacy of Sparta more th
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Unable to march farther. They reach
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256 The Supremacy of Sparta III. Th
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CHAPTER XXIII THEBES ATTEMPTS TO GA
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26o Thebes Attempts to Gain Suprema
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262 Thebes Attempts to Gain Suprema
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i Results of the battle. Ancient Wo
Page 282 and 283:
^ !ii'l n ' \ The Greeks are respon
Page 284 and 285:
268 Rise of Macedon another is dest
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270 Rise of Macedon Hellenic league
Page 288 and 289:
272 Rise of Macedon A ncient World,
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274 Rise of Macedon Alleged speech
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The reasons for his success. Plutar
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278 Alexander's Empire I abundance
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28o Alexander's Empire renown of Pe
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282 Alexander's Empire STUDIES 1. W
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284 Greek Life and Thought She is r
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286 Greek Life and Thought "And wha
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288 Greek Life and Thought have it
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290 Greek Life and Thought first ar
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292 Greek Life and Thought Old age
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The Greek attitude toward moneymaki
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296 Greek Life and Thought STUDIES
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298 The Hellenistic Age , freedom,
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300 The Hellenistic Age The offer r
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302 The Hellenistic Age A slight la
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304 The Hellenistic Age Advantages
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3o6 The Hellenistic Age Sema, an en
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3o8 The Hellenistic Age A stadium i
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Milligan, p. gf. i68 B.C. In Egypt
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— BOOK III Rome CHAPTER XXVII] A.
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The Ao-e of Cicero 315 arose till t
Page 333 and 334:
— The Augustan Age 317 Tiberius,
Page 335 and 336:
Tacitus and Juvenal 319 the period
Page 337 and 338:
— Second and Third Centuries A.D.
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Fourth and Fifth Centuries A.D. 323
Page 341 and 342:
Authors and Documents 325 Aurelius
Page 343 and 344:
Northern Italy 327 To the south of
Page 345 and 346:
Central and Southern Italy 329 They
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The City of Rome 331 wines. . . . F
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Studies 333 3. How does Latium comp
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Patricians, Plebeians and Clients 3
Page 353 and 354:
Institutions of Romulus 337 Roman c
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peace with Rome. Guilds and Priests
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Religious Festivals 341 the shade m
Page 359 and 360:
The Census Classes 343 class. The s
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A Great Temple 345 IV. The Temple o
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Studies 347 2. What religious insti
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Early Republican Institutions 349 s
Page 367 and 368:
Early Roman Laws 351 that after bot
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The Tribal Assembly 353 as a slave
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' Consular Tribunes; Censors 355 be
Page 373 and 374:
The Licinian Laws 357 and then publ
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Hortensian Law 359 vote or followin
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CHAPTER XXXI THE EARLY REPUBLIC: (I
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The Gauls at Rome 363 The Romans ma
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Greek Invasion of Italy 365 mass of
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Pyrrhus Defeats the Romans 367 (Whe
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Italy for the Italians 369 could no
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. ROMAN ORGANIZATION; CHAPTER XXXII
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Organization of Latium 373 was rest
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The Army; Coinage 375 they were una
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Early Roman Art 377 we see an Atala
Page 395 and 396:
CHAPTER XXXIII THE FIRST AND SECOND
Page 397 and 398:
Hamilcar 381 plied with a harbor, c
Page 399 and 400:
— Hannibal 383 III. The Battle of
Page 401 and 402:
The Battle of Lake Trasimene 385 co
Page 403 and 404:
The Character of Hannibal 387 skill
Page 405 and 406:
CHAPTER XXXIV THE END OF GREEK FREE
Page 407 and 408:
The Historian's Duty 391 courage, b
Page 409 and 410:
Roman Envoys Insulted 393 and Gauis
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Destruction of Corinth 395 and fain
Page 413 and 414:
CHAPTER XXXV GROWTH OF PLUTOCRACY;
Page 415 and 416:
. The Senate and the People 399 the
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Governmental Balances; Religion 401
Page 419 and 420:
' Funeral Customs 403 the others wh
Page 421 and 422:
Agriculture 405 it To obtain wealth
Page 423 and 424:
Supervision of the Farm 407 way his
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Hostility to Advanced Studies 409 I
Page 427 and 428:
— — Character and Habits of Cat
Page 429 and 430:
Cato's Proverbs 413 He said, too, "
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Cato as Censor 415 ought to contrib
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CHAPTER XXXVI THE REVOLUTION: (I) F
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The Agrarian Law 419 by forbidding
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Deposition of a Tribune 421 to him
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Gaius Gracchus as Administrator 423
Page 441 and 442:
Proposal to Extend the Citizenship
Page 443 and 444:
Marius and Sulla 427 This war, dive
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Sulla's Proscriptions 429 him and e
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Dictatorship of Sulla 431 avoid bei
Page 449 and 450:
CHAPTER XXXVII THE REVOLUTION: (II)
Page 451 and 452:
Spartacus 435 as soldier with the R
Page 453 and 454:
a War with the Pirates 437 on his f
Page 455 and 456:
Cicero Denounces Catiline 439 All t
Page 457 and 458:
Cicero against Catiline 441 behavio
Page 459 and 460:
Cassar 443 1 upon Caesar violently
Page 461 and 462:
Gallic Society 445 heritance or abo
Page 463 and 464:
July. Dictatorship of Cssar 447 Man
Page 465 and 466:
— Caesar's Death; Character 449 i
Page 467 and 468:
Supervision of Streets 451 urban qu
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Municipal Census 453 ever wishes sh
Page 471 and 472:
Octavius 455 Octavius was the son o
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— Propertius ; Lucretius 457 fume
Page 475 and 476:
Origin of Religion 459 limited, abl
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— A Refuge from Care 461 Ke grins
Page 479 and 480:
Review 463 9. Who was Catullus (cf.
Page 481 and 482:
Personal Character; Government 465
Page 483 and 484:
Oath of Lo3'alty 467 the progress o
Page 485 and 486:
' Ludi Ssculares 469 the quirites i
Page 487 and 488:
— The Secular Hymn 471 Now, even
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The Campus Martius 473 hindrance, a
Page 491 and 492:
Tiberius 475 VIII. The Character an
Page 493 and 494:
Moderation and Generosity 477 to my
Page 495 and 496:
Review 479 STUDIES 1. Describe the
Page 497 and 498:
On Granting the Citizenship 481 the
Page 499 and 500:
Palace; Administration 483 building
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. Vespasian; the Jews 485 which had
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Few Survivors 487 dence and learnin
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Fleeing from Rain 489 jured me to m
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• Provincial Administration 491 1
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A Quickly Made Croesus 493 Serapa,
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Social Life 495 is a difficult matt
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.Correspondence 497 1 Herraocrates
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The Unpleasantness of Rome 499 in t
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Studies 501 3. From these letters a
Page 519 and 520:
" Provision against Fires 503 have
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Endowment for Poor Children 505 com
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Hadrian's Travels 507 and no empero
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Hadrian's Laws 509 rejected, and no
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— The Harmony of all Things 511 w
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Death and Immortality 513 when they
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; God Sees and Protects 515 Him and
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A Burial Society- Si? that whoever
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Correspondence 519 Serenus the son
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CHAPTER XLI EARLY HISTORY OF CHRIST
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Beginning of Persecutions 523 thus
Page 541 and 542:
Harsher Persecutions 525 evident th
Page 543 and 544:
CHAPTER XLII THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
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Reorganization of the Empire 529 qu
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1 Edict of Prices 531 becomes impos
Page 549 and 550:
Constantine 533 institutions of the
Page 551 and 552:
Toleration; Uniformity 535 about th
Page 553 and 554:
CHAPTER XLIII SOME ASPECTS OF THE D
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Oppression 539 Drietor; hence it se
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Depopulation; Incipient Feudalism 5
Page 559 and 560:
Moral Depravity 543 their evil pass
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Warfare; Government 545 which they
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Justice; ''Companionship" 547 king,
Page 565 and 566:
Peace 549 the year's yield than to
Page 567 and 568:
Family and Kin 551 hair: they are o
Page 569 and 570:
Slavery 553 lances. Practice has pe
Page 571 and 572:
The Huns 555 wander about roaming o
Page 573 and 574:
Review 557 without any provocation,
Page 575 and 576:
The Sack of Rome 559 but scourged a
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— Advice to a Monk 561 If on your
Page 579 and 580:
Rule of St. Benedict 563 such a way
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Oft-Wedded 565 and have renounced t
Page 583 and 584:
Angels; Miracles 567 law: and from
Page 585 and 586:
Heresies; Education 569 be cancelle
Page 587 and 588:
Teaching 571 things earthly unto Th
Page 589 and 590:
Review 573 Q. What view of miracles
Page 591 and 592:
Future Life 575 a crowd of the form
Page 593 and 594:
Charles the Great 577 III. Charlema
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His Activity; Personal Appearance 5
Page 597 and 598:
His Education 581 the Roman fashion
Page 599 and 600:
Crowned Emperor 583 the intention o
Page 601 and 602:
INDEX Achaean, league, 297-301; war
Page 603 and 604:
Index 587 Delos, 212; confederacy o
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Index 589 Heraclea, battle of, 367
Page 607 and 608:
Index 591 Parilia, 334 Paterculus,
Page 609 and 610:
Index 593 Sparta, rise of, 1 11-21;
Page 619:
JOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 03150
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