A source-book of ancient history - The Search For Mecca
A source-book of ancient history - The Search For Mecca A source-book of ancient history - The Search For Mecca
I40 Athens 2. What were the chief features of the timocracy? Compare it in detail with the preceding aristocracy. 3. What brought Solon into prominence? What conditions are described by his poem? How do his poems compare as sources with Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians? Where did Aristotle probably get his knowledge of Solon? What debts did he abolish? How were his laws to be preserved? What was now to be the place of the Council of the Areopagus? What features of Solon's government were new and what were continued from earlier time? Why did Solon go abroad? What does he say of his own achievements? 4. How did Peisistratus make himself tyrant? Narrate his exiles and returns. How did he finally establish his power? What was the character of his rule? From the story of the tax-free farm what do we learn as to the condition of the poorest farmers? Describe the character of Peisistratus. Compare the rule of his sons. What led to the overthrow of the tyranny? What part in the event was taken by Cleisthenes? 5. What were the aims of Cleisthenes and Isagoras? Does the former seem to have been at heart a democrat? What arrangement of demes and tribes did he make, and with what objects? Compare his form of government with that established by Solon. Which deserves the greater credit as a reformer?
— CHAPTER XIV THE POETS AND THE PHILOSOPHERS FROM THE SEVENTH TO THE EARLY FIFTH CENTURY B.C. I. A War-Song By Callinus Sit ye in quiet how long? Stir up the fierce spirit within you; Have ye no feeHng of shame, youths, for the dwellers around? Why thus remiss? Do ye think ye are sitting in blissful contentment Peace given, while dread war holds all our dear native land? Now in the moment of death hurl your last spear at the foe! Honored is he and esteemed who fights in the foremost of lancers, Guarding his country, his home, guarding his dear wedded wife. Fighting with foes; for death comes but once, and whenever it may be. Fate cuts the thread of our life. Each must go quick to the front. Grasping his spear in his hand, and under his shield his untrembhng Heart pressing, panting for fight, mingling in deadliest fray. Fate hath decreed that from death there shall be by no prudence avoiding; Doomed are all mortals to die, saving no sons of the gods. Often the din of the battle, the hurtling of lances escaping, Sees man the terror of death stalking into his home. Weaklings are dear to no state, nor in death by the people lamented; Warriors the great and the small mourn when they face their fair doom; Longing intense fills all hearts in the land for the stout-minded hero Dying in liberty's cause; living they hold him divine. Just like a tower of defence in the eyes of the people appearing. Works he the deeds of a host, striving alone in his might. Callinus of Ephesus wrote this poem to rouse his countrymen against the barbarous Cimmerians, who assailed them. The metre of the translation—elegiac pentameter is that of the original. The poem breathes military fire. II. TvRTiEUS Noble it is to fall a valiant man in the front line of warriors battling for the fatherland, but of all things most 141
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—<br />
CHAPTER XIV<br />
THE POETS AND THE PHILOSOPHERS<br />
FROM THE SEVENTH TO THE EARLY FIFTH CENTURY B.C.<br />
I. A War-Song<br />
By Callinus<br />
Sit ye in quiet how long? Stir up the fierce spirit within you;<br />
Have ye no feeHng <strong>of</strong> shame, youths, for the dwellers around?<br />
Why thus remiss? Do ye think ye are sitting in blissful contentment<br />
Peace given, while dread war holds all our dear native land?<br />
Now in the moment <strong>of</strong> death hurl your last spear at the foe!<br />
Honored is he and esteemed who fights in the foremost <strong>of</strong> lancers,<br />
Guarding his country, his home, guarding his dear wedded wife.<br />
Fighting with foes; for death comes but once, and whenever it may be.<br />
Fate cuts the thread <strong>of</strong> our life. Each must go quick to the front.<br />
Grasping his spear in his hand, and under his shield his untrembhng<br />
Heart pressing, panting for fight, mingling in deadliest fray.<br />
Fate hath decreed that from death there shall be by no prudence<br />
avoiding;<br />
Doomed are all mortals to die, saving no sons <strong>of</strong> the gods.<br />
Often the din <strong>of</strong> the battle, the hurtling <strong>of</strong> lances escaping,<br />
Sees man the terror <strong>of</strong> death stalking into his home.<br />
Weaklings are dear to no state, nor in death by the people lamented;<br />
Warriors the great and the small mourn when they face their fair<br />
doom;<br />
Longing intense fills all hearts in the land for the stout-minded hero<br />
Dying in liberty's cause; living they hold him divine.<br />
Just like a tower <strong>of</strong> defence in the eyes <strong>of</strong> the people appearing.<br />
Works he the deeds <strong>of</strong> a host, striving alone in his might.<br />
Callinus <strong>of</strong><br />
Ephesus<br />
wrote this<br />
poem to<br />
rouse his<br />
countrymen<br />
against<br />
the barbarous<br />
Cimmerians,<br />
who assailed<br />
them.<br />
<strong>The</strong> metre <strong>of</strong><br />
the translation—elegiac<br />
pentameter<br />
is that <strong>of</strong><br />
the original.<br />
<strong>The</strong> poem<br />
breathes<br />
military fire.<br />
II.<br />
TvRTiEUS<br />
Noble it is to fall a valiant man in the front line <strong>of</strong> warriors<br />
battling for the fatherland, but <strong>of</strong> all things most<br />
141