A source-book of ancient history - The Search For Mecca

Tribes and Demes 139
a trittys in each of the three local sections.
The inhabitants
of
the respective demes he made demesmen of one
another in order that they might not expose the new citizens
by calling them after the names of their fathers,
but that they might be named after their demes. Hence
the Athenians continue to call themselves by the names
of their demes. He instituted demarchs with the same
function as the earher naucrars, for he made the demes
to take the place of the naucraries. Some of the demes
he named after localities,
others after their founders; for
all the locahties did not preserve the names of their founders.
Their gentes and phratries and priesthoods he permitted
them severally to keep according to ancestral
usage. As eponyms of the tribes he appointed the ten
whom the Pythia had selected from the hundred founders
nominated to her.
Through these changes the constitution became far
nore democratic than that of Solon, The fact is that the
\ yranny had abolished some of the laws of Solon through
f lilure to observe them, and Cleisthenes in his effort to
win the populace enacted new regulations, among M'hich
W.1S the law of ostracism. It was not however till the
fifth year after his legislation that, in the archonship of
Hermocreon, they drew up for the Council of Five Hundred
the oath which the members continue even now to swear.
Then they began to elect the generals by tribes, one from
each tribe, whereas the commander of the entire army was
the pslemarch.
STUDIES
I. What was the condition of the majority of Athenian citizens
before Soron? How did the change from monarchy to aristocracy
affect the offices? WTiat place in the government was held by the
Council of the Areopagus?
Naucraries;
ch. S above.
Gentes and
phratries.
The government
is
more democratic.
lb. 22.
The Council
of Five
Hundred.
The generals.