Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht

Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht

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T44 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS emigrated to Palestine; the northern part with its capital Ur, the ancient sacred city of the moon, was the home of the family of the patriarch Abraham, and therefore of the On the whole children of Israel, and of many Arab tribes. it appears that East Arabia was the original home of all the Western Semites, especially also ot the Arameans. In Abraham's time the latter were still a part of the Arab race; ** >f Harbor of Maskat with Castle at Entrance in fact even the patriarch Jacob, ot Biblical tradition, was regarded simply as an Aramean (Deut. 26 : 5). This fact is directly confirmed by the complete uniformity in the formation of proper names consisting of two elements as found in the South Arabian inscriptions as well as in use among the Hebrews and Arameans. Those of the Babylonians, on the other side, are different, showing more polytheistic features. Between these two groups stand the proper names of the Canaanites (Phenicians included), which

— DURING ID'" CENTURY: ARABIA 745 in consequence of Babylonian supremacy lasting for centuries (before and after 2000 b. c.) are interspersed with many Babylonian elements. Most of these names are compounded with i/u, " god ; " abu, " father ; " l ammu, " father's brother" ( = protector, guardian); sometimes also with Ai or Ta (name of a god). Comp. Abi-melek, " my father is king;" 'Ammi-el, "my protector is god;" Eli-'ezer, "my god is helper;" Yishma'-el, "God hears;" Ai-kalab or Ya-kalab, " Ya is priest." In those names which are especially Canaanite we find also ba'al, "lord" (Babyl. belu), and adbn, " lord," pointing, however, already to influence. Babylonian It has already been remarked, in Part II., that the genuine Babylonians preferred sun-worship, while among the primitive Arabs moon-worship prevailed, the sun (as wife of the Moon-god) being of minor importance. Especially in Ur the Moon-god was worshipped under a system almost monotheistic, as is shown by the oft-translated hymn in " Inscriptions of Western Asia," vol. iv., plate 9. The moon was lord of the heavenly hosts,— i. e., of the stars, the " father " (abu) and god par excellence ; that he was also called ammu i is proved by the name for the Moon-god among the Qatabanians ! in South Arabia (see 'Amm in Part II.). There is of course a very close connection between this and the use of ilu, abu, and 'ammu in the old proper names among the Western Semites. Abraham's family itself was devoted to this moon-worship, as is shown even bv Hebrew tradition (see Joshua 24 : 2), although Abraham and the other patriarchs had doubtless already embraced a purer monotheism, so that probably the orb of the moon shining at night was to them merely a symbol of the one true god, and not the real image of God himself. The name Ai or Ya, which was occasionally used alongside of ilu 1 They are even called Walad 'Amm, " Sons of 'Amm," just as in the Old Testament the Ammonites are always called Bene ' Amnion.

T44<br />

EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS<br />

emigrated to Palest<strong>in</strong>e; <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part with its capital<br />

Ur, <strong>the</strong> ancient sacred city of <strong>the</strong> moon, was <strong>the</strong> home of<br />

<strong>the</strong> family of <strong>the</strong> patriarch Abraham, and <strong>the</strong>refore of <strong>the</strong><br />

On <strong>the</strong> whole<br />

children of Israel, and of many Arab tribes.<br />

it appears that East Arabia was <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al home of all<br />

<strong>the</strong> Western Semites, especially also ot <strong>the</strong> Arameans. In<br />

Abraham's time <strong>the</strong> latter were still a part of <strong>the</strong> Arab race;<br />

**<br />

>f Harbor of Maskat with Castle at Entrance<br />

<strong>in</strong> fact even <strong>the</strong> patriarch Jacob, ot Biblical tradition, was<br />

regarded simply as an Aramean (Deut. 26 :<br />

5).<br />

This fact is directly confirmed by <strong>the</strong> complete uniformity<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> formation of proper names consist<strong>in</strong>g of two elements<br />

as found <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> South Arabian <strong>in</strong>scriptions as well as<br />

<strong>in</strong> use among <strong>the</strong> Hebrews and Arameans. Those of <strong>the</strong><br />

Babylonians, on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side, are different, show<strong>in</strong>g<br />

more<br />

poly<strong>the</strong>istic features. Between <strong>the</strong>se two groups stand <strong>the</strong><br />

proper names of <strong>the</strong> Canaanites (Phenicians <strong>in</strong>cluded), which

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