Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
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Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht

Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht

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ti40 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS where the ancient sanctuaries of Luxor and Medinet Habu were cleared of their rubbish, and the beautiful Ptolemaic temple of Kom Ombo (Ombos), which has been, so to speak, conjured up from the ground in a fine state of preservation. To these must be added a large number of minor, but yet important excavations on other sites of ancient Egypt, especiallv those bv Loret in the " Valley of the Kings," near Temple of Kom Ombo Thebes, which led to the discoverv of the tombs of the kings of the New Empire. Side by side with the authorities above mentioned, there has been working since 1883 with the permission of the Egvptian government a societv of excavators known as the " Egvpt Exploration Fund." This is a private undertaking supported by small contributions from its members scattered in different countries, who study the Egyptian language, or at least are interested in Egypt's past history. This society has done verv creditable work by publishing quickly

DURING 19 CENTURY: EGYPT 641 and in useful form the results of its discoveries. The men who have worked under the orders of the Egypt Exploration Fund are principally E. Gardner, F. L. Griffith, Ed. Naville, and W. M. Flinders Petrie. The first sites taken in hand by the Exploration Fund were the much neglected ruins in the Delta. The most important finds made there were the Biblical Pithom and the famous Greek Naukratis. Since 1891 this Fund has made Upper Egypt the scene of its operations, and has had the temple of Der el-Bahri, one of the jewels of Egyptian architecture, cleared of its rubbish. Also Petrie, after giving up his connection with the Egypt Exploration Fund, exchanged his field of work in the Delta for that of the Nile valley, and supported by two private persons, Jesse Haworth and Martyn Kennard, began excavations on his own account. In the Fay urn, the position of the Labyrinth and Lake Moeris was established ; the pyramids of Hawara and El-Lahun were examined, and in the neighborhood of the former an extensive Roman cemetery was discovered ; and finally a whole town, dating from the second half of the Middle Empire, was brought to light. These magnificent archaeological works Petrie followed up by exploring the pyramids of Medum, and the famous ruins of Tell el- Amarna, c which have come so prominently to the front through the discovery of the clay tablets of Amenophis IV. In 1894 the temple remains of ancient Coptos were dug out. The excavations carried on in 1895 on the west bank of the Nile near Naqada and Ballas led to the discovery of Ombos, mentioned by Juvenal, and many remains of the earliest Egyptian civilization. After working once more on his own responsibility near Thebes in 1896, Petrie again entered the service of the Egypt Exploration Fund, where he had earned his first laurels, and in whose interests he has since been carrying on excavations in the necropolis of Deshashe (1897), Dendera (1898), and Hou (1899).

ti40<br />

EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS<br />

where <strong>the</strong> ancient sanctuaries of Luxor and Med<strong>in</strong>et Habu<br />

were cleared of <strong>the</strong>ir rubbish, and <strong>the</strong> beautiful Ptolemaic<br />

temple of Kom Ombo (Ombos), which has been, so to speak,<br />

conjured up from <strong>the</strong> ground <strong>in</strong> a f<strong>in</strong>e state of preservation.<br />

To <strong>the</strong>se must be added a large number of m<strong>in</strong>or, but yet<br />

important excavations on o<strong>the</strong>r sites of ancient Egypt, especiallv<br />

those bv Loret <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> " Valley of <strong>the</strong> K<strong>in</strong>gs," near<br />

Temple of Kom Ombo<br />

Thebes, which led to <strong>the</strong> discoverv of <strong>the</strong> tombs of <strong>the</strong><br />

k<strong>in</strong>gs of <strong>the</strong> New Empire.<br />

Side by side with <strong>the</strong> authorities<br />

above mentioned, <strong>the</strong>re<br />

has been work<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>in</strong>ce 1883 with <strong>the</strong> permission of <strong>the</strong><br />

Egvptian government a societv of excavators known as <strong>the</strong><br />

" Egvpt Exploration Fund." This is a private undertak<strong>in</strong>g<br />

supported by small contributions from its members<br />

scattered <strong>in</strong> different countries, who study <strong>the</strong> Egyptian language,<br />

or at least are <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> Egypt's past history.<br />

This<br />

society has done verv creditable work by publish<strong>in</strong>g quickly

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