Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
442 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS time received more positive instructions as to the manner in which he was to proceed to carry the work of the expedition to a satisfactory issue. In accordance with the desires of the committee he henceforth directed his attention principally to the exploration of the eastern half of the court of the temple, to the search for the northeast city gate, and to the excavation of the probable site of the temple library, the so-called " Tablet Hill " (IV), so that his Arabs were not scattered over too large a surface, and with the subsequent assistance of the two architects could be controlled without difficulty. Owing to Haynes' praiseworthy energy and characteristic devotion to his duties, he soon could report conspicuous tangible results, and illustrate them by his own photographs and by sketches drawn by his assistants. He evidently worked But unfortunately hard according to the best of his ability. our positive knowledge as to the topography of the ruins was advanced but little thereby. The statements were too vague to enable us to draw . ny conclusions. On October 28 he wrote with regard to the northeast city gate : " Up to the present moment, we have found no certain clue beyond a mere fragment of very archaic wall, to indicate the existence at that point of a gate or other structure." The whole important subject was never mentioned afterwards except in the brief title of a photograph despatched three months later, which, however, reached Philadelphia only after my arrival at Nuffar. By the middle of December tablets began to be found in such large quantities in the northeastern part of the " Tablet Hill," that even Haynes was forced to admit that this collection of tablets looked very much as if" constituting a distinct library by itself." But whether it was merely another of these collections of contract tablets so frequently found in the west half of the ruins and always styled by him " libraries," or whether it was the library for which I was looking so eagerly, the
DURING 19 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 443 temple library, could not be determined, as proper descriptions were lacking and no attempt was made to reproduce a few lines of some of the better-preserved documents. It was very evident that, above all, the assistance of an experienced archaeologist and Assyriologist was required Nuffar to decipher tablets, to determine the characteristic features of strata, to fix the approximate age of walls and other antiquities, to ascertain their probable purpose and use, to lay trenches for other reasons than to find tablets, and to gather all the loose threads together and to endeavor to reconstruct some kind of a picture of the ancient city on the basis of his examination and studies. The architects did their very best to assist Haynes and to promote the cause of the expedition. But entirely unfamiliar with Babylonian archaeology as they then were, and for the first time confronted with the complicated problems of a Babylonian ruin, they needed technical advice as to how to overcome the difficulties. Being left entirely to their own resources, they decided to undertake what they were able to do under the circumstances. They sketched drains, tombs, vases and various other antiquities to illustrate Haynes' weekly reports ; they tried to make themselves acquainted with the remains of the ziggurrat previously drawn by Meyer, and to survey and plot the constructions occupying the eastern corner of the temple court prior to their removal. at But they also facilitated my later work on the ruins in -one essential point. As we saw above (pp. 371, seq.\ in the course of the third campaign, Haynes had discovered the remains of the original approach to the ziggurrat, indicated by two almost parallel walls, extending nearly at a right angle far into the court from the southeastern face of the stage-tower. It had appeared, therefore, most natural to the present writer to assume that the principal gate or entrance to the temple court must lie in the enclosing wall somewhere opposite that approach. In 1897, when I first had occasion to
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442 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS<br />
time received more positive <strong>in</strong>structions as to <strong>the</strong> manner <strong>in</strong><br />
which he was to proceed to carry <strong>the</strong> work of <strong>the</strong> expedition<br />
to a satisfactory issue. In accordance with <strong>the</strong> desires of<br />
<strong>the</strong> committee he henceforth directed his attention pr<strong>in</strong>cipally<br />
to <strong>the</strong> exploration of <strong>the</strong> eastern half of <strong>the</strong> court of<br />
<strong>the</strong> temple, to <strong>the</strong> search for <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast city gate, and<br />
to <strong>the</strong> excavation of <strong>the</strong> probable site of <strong>the</strong><br />
temple library,<br />
<strong>the</strong> so-called " Tablet Hill " (IV), so that his Arabs were<br />
not scattered over too large a surface, and with <strong>the</strong> subsequent<br />
assistance of <strong>the</strong> two architects could be controlled<br />
without difficulty.<br />
Ow<strong>in</strong>g to Haynes' praiseworthy energy and characteristic<br />
devotion to his duties, he soon could report conspicuous tangible<br />
results, and illustrate <strong>the</strong>m by his own photographs and<br />
by sketches drawn by his assistants. He evidently worked<br />
But unfortunately<br />
hard accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> best of his ability.<br />
our positive knowledge as to <strong>the</strong> topography of <strong>the</strong> ru<strong>in</strong>s<br />
was advanced but little <strong>the</strong>reby. The statements were too<br />
vague to enable us to draw . ny conclusions. On October<br />
28 he wrote with regard to <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast city gate :<br />
" Up to<br />
<strong>the</strong> present moment, we have found no certa<strong>in</strong> clue beyond a<br />
mere fragment of very archaic wall, to <strong>in</strong>dicate <strong>the</strong> existence<br />
at that po<strong>in</strong>t of a gate or o<strong>the</strong>r structure." The whole<br />
important subject was never mentioned afterwards except<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> brief title of a photograph despatched three months<br />
later, which, however, reached Philadelphia only after my<br />
arrival at Nuffar. By <strong>the</strong> middle of December tablets<br />
began to be found <strong>in</strong> such large quantities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>astern<br />
part of <strong>the</strong> " Tablet Hill," that even Haynes was<br />
forced to admit that this collection of tablets looked very<br />
much as if" constitut<strong>in</strong>g a dist<strong>in</strong>ct library by itself." But<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r it was merely ano<strong>the</strong>r of <strong>the</strong>se collections of contract<br />
tablets so frequently found <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> west half of <strong>the</strong><br />
ru<strong>in</strong>s and always styled by him " libraries," or whe<strong>the</strong>r it<br />
was <strong>the</strong> library for which I was look<strong>in</strong>g so eagerly, <strong>the</strong>