Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
422 EXPLOBATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS trenches which at various times he opened in the mounds around the temple complex. Among the Parthian and Sassanian graves in which the upper strata abound everywhere, I mention particularly one containing " a very Three Jars found at the Head of a Parthian Coffin. About 200 b. c. high bath-tub coffin " and three jars placed around the head. The latter were filled with as many beautiful small alabaster bottles, a large number of decayed pearls, precious stones, necklaces, earrings, nose-rings, finger-rings, one inscribed seal cylinder in red jasper still retaining its bronze mounting, and sixteen uninscribed ones, several scarabaei, a pair of iron tweezers, and remains of linen and woolen stuffs showing the structure and fibre of the fabrics, and the white and dark-brown colors of the threads. Haynes opened altogether six hundred graves in the different parts of Nuffar, some of them very elaborate, most of them, however, being slipper- and bath-tub-shaped coffins in terra-cotta. Others were crude brick boxes ; many consisted onlv of one or two urns greatly varying in size and
form ; DURING 10 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 423 a few were made of wood, which generally had crumbled to dust. Nearly fifty representative urns and coffins were saved and sent to Constantinople. One gray slippershaped coffin was decorated with " a male figure with sword and short tunic over a long shirt, four times repeated in as many panels." Another richly ornamented and blue enamelled but fragmentary sarcophagus of the same type showed " six human-headed bulls in two long, narrow panels." By far the greatest number of the enamelled slipper-shaped Blue Enamelled Slipper-Shaped Coffin with Conventional Female Figures coffins were decorated with a conventional female figure, a pattern seemingly reserved for the burial of women. The northwest mound of the eastern half of the ruins yielded a few unbaked tablets of the neo-Babylonian and Assyrian periods, a stray stamped brick of Dungi, and the largest uninscribed baked brick hitherto discovered at Nuffar, measuring no less than 10 inches square. In the upper strata of the low mounds which lie about midway between the temple of Bel and the Shatt en-Nil, Haynes unearthed a peculiar building originally covered with a dome, " in the style of the ziarets or holy tombs of India, Persia, and Turkey." Its ruined walls, which formed a square 32 feet
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form ;<br />
DURING 10 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 423<br />
a few were made of wood, which generally had crumbled<br />
to dust. Nearly fifty representative urns and coff<strong>in</strong>s<br />
were saved and sent to Constant<strong>in</strong>ople. One gray slippershaped<br />
coff<strong>in</strong><br />
was decorated with " a male figure with sword<br />
and short tunic over a long shirt, four times repeated <strong>in</strong> as<br />
many panels." Ano<strong>the</strong>r richly ornamented and blue enamelled<br />
but fragmentary sarcophagus of <strong>the</strong> same type showed<br />
" six human-headed bulls <strong>in</strong> two long, narrow panels." By<br />
far <strong>the</strong> greatest number of <strong>the</strong> enamelled slipper-shaped<br />
Blue Enamelled Slipper-Shaped Coff<strong>in</strong> with Conventional Female Figures<br />
coff<strong>in</strong>s were decorated with a conventional female figure, a<br />
pattern seem<strong>in</strong>gly reserved for <strong>the</strong> burial of women.<br />
The northwest mound of <strong>the</strong> eastern half of <strong>the</strong> ru<strong>in</strong>s<br />
yielded a few unbaked tablets of <strong>the</strong> neo-Babylonian and<br />
Assyrian periods, a stray stamped brick of Dungi, and <strong>the</strong><br />
largest un<strong>in</strong>scribed baked brick hi<strong>the</strong>rto discovered at Nuffar,<br />
measur<strong>in</strong>g no less than 10 <strong>in</strong>ches square. In <strong>the</strong> upper<br />
strata of <strong>the</strong> low mounds which lie about midway between<br />
<strong>the</strong> temple of Bel and <strong>the</strong> Shatt en-Nil, Haynes unear<strong>the</strong>d<br />
a peculiar build<strong>in</strong>g orig<strong>in</strong>ally covered<br />
with a dome, " <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
style of <strong>the</strong> ziarets or holy tombs of India, Persia, and<br />
Turkey." Its ru<strong>in</strong>ed walls, which formed a square 32 feet