Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
1 386 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS breast and loosely thrown over the left arm are equally characteristic of the statue of Nippur and of those from Tello. But on the other hand the torso under consideration presents distinctive features of its own. It has a long and flowing beard already curled and twisted in that conventional style with which we are familiar from the Assyrian monuments of Nineveh and Khorsabad. 1 A richly embroidered band, one inch and a third wide, passes over the left shoulder, and seems to be fastened to the shawl, which it holds in place. Each wrist is encircled with a bracelet of precious stones, and the neck is adorned with a necklace of large beads strung on a skein of finely spun wool, and in its whole appearance not unlike the l ugal with which the modern Arab shaikhs of Babylonia fasten their silken headdress (keffiye). A short legend with the names of Bel and the donor of the monument was originally engraved on the back of the statue between its two shoulders. But the barbarous and revengeful Elamites who broke so many fine votive gifts of the temple at Nippur cut the inscription away with the exception of the last line, " he made it." In all probability the statue was erected by one of the kings of the dynasty of Ur (between 2700 and 2600 b. c). The storage room where all the antiquities referred to had originally been kept was discovered by Havnes in his excavations along the southeast wall of the fortified enclosure. It was a well-planned cellar, 36 feet long, 1 1/ 2 feet wide, and % / x 2 feet deep, built entirely into this wall, evidently by Ur-Gur himself. 2 Descending as far down as the level of the pavement of Naram-Sin, it had, some two and a half feet above the floor of stamped earth, a ledge of crude bricks 1 y 2 feet wide, which was capped by a layer of baked bricks 1 Comp. the terra-cotta head from Nippur published bv me in " The Bab. Exp. of the U. of Pa.," series A, vol. ix, pi. xii, no. 22. 2 Comp. my treatment of the whole question in " The Bab. Exp. of the U. of Pa.," vol. i, series A, part 1, pp. 28, seqq.
DURING 19TH CENTURY : ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 387 and extended completely around the four walls of the room. A discovery made in connection with the next pavement below proved that it had served as a shelf for the safe keeping of treasures, sacrificial gifts, and documents. A 1 construction of baked bricks, which we notice in the illustration facing p. 377 (No. 3), seems also to have been built first by one of the kings of the dynasty of Ur, possibly by Ur-Gur himself. But as Haynes did not extend his excavations of the third campaign to the northeast section of the court, we leave it for the present out of consideration. A word must be said about Peters' and Haynes' socalled " platform of Ur-Gur," which was covered with the layer of debris containing the precious vase fragments and the door-sockets of Sargon I. Some portions were made of crude bricks, but by far the greater part of it consisted of large lumps of kneaded clay, which " in a moist condition, had been laid up en masse in two thick layers," each one about four feet thick. This " platform," however, did not constitute a large terrace, raised to support the ziggurrat itself, and consequently did not run through the whole mound, as I formerly assumed in accordance with the erroneous views of my predecessors ; but, like all the pavements lying above it, it was only an especially thick pavement laid by Ur-Gur as a solid floor for his open court around the stage-tower, and naturally also bore the weight of his additions to the latter. As soon as Haynes commenced to remove it, he made an interesting discovery, which illustrates the great antiquity of a custom previously observed in connection with the Parthian fortress (comp. pp. 366, seqq.). At different places between its layers of clay he found a number of valuable antiquities. These evidently had been taken from the rubbish below at the time when Ur-Gur levelled the court, to be placed as talismans in the new foundation. Among the objects thus obtained, we 1 Comp. pp. 247, seqq., above.
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1<br />
386 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS<br />
breast and loosely thrown over <strong>the</strong> left arm are equally<br />
characteristic of <strong>the</strong> statue of Nippur and of those from<br />
Tello. But on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand <strong>the</strong> torso under consideration<br />
presents dist<strong>in</strong>ctive features of its own. It has a long<br />
and flow<strong>in</strong>g beard already curled and twisted <strong>in</strong> that conventional<br />
style with which we are familiar from <strong>the</strong> Assyrian<br />
monuments of N<strong>in</strong>eveh and Khorsabad. 1<br />
A richly embroidered<br />
band, one <strong>in</strong>ch and a third wide, passes over <strong>the</strong> left<br />
shoulder, and seems to be fastened to <strong>the</strong> shawl, which it<br />
holds <strong>in</strong> place. Each wrist is encircled with a bracelet of<br />
precious stones, and <strong>the</strong> neck is adorned with a necklace<br />
of large beads strung on a ske<strong>in</strong> of f<strong>in</strong>ely spun wool, and<br />
<strong>in</strong> its whole appearance not unlike <strong>the</strong> l ugal with which <strong>the</strong><br />
modern Arab shaikhs of Babylonia fasten <strong>the</strong>ir silken headdress<br />
(keffiye). A short legend with <strong>the</strong> names of Bel and<br />
<strong>the</strong> donor of <strong>the</strong> monument was orig<strong>in</strong>ally engraved on <strong>the</strong><br />
back of <strong>the</strong> statue between its two shoulders. But <strong>the</strong> barbarous<br />
and revengeful Elamites who broke so many f<strong>in</strong>e<br />
votive gifts of <strong>the</strong> temple at Nippur cut <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>scription away<br />
with <strong>the</strong> exception of <strong>the</strong> last l<strong>in</strong>e, " he made it." In all<br />
probability <strong>the</strong> statue was erected by one of <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>gs of <strong>the</strong><br />
dynasty of Ur (between 2700 and 2600 b. c).<br />
The storage room where all <strong>the</strong> antiquities referred to had<br />
orig<strong>in</strong>ally been kept was discovered by Havnes <strong>in</strong><br />
his excavations<br />
along <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast wall of <strong>the</strong> fortified enclosure.<br />
It was a well-planned cellar, 36 feet long, 1<br />
1/ 2 feet wide,<br />
and %<br />
/ x 2 feet deep, built entirely <strong>in</strong>to this wall, evidently by<br />
Ur-Gur himself. 2 Descend<strong>in</strong>g as far down as <strong>the</strong> level of<br />
<strong>the</strong> pavement of Naram-S<strong>in</strong>, it had, some two and a half<br />
feet above <strong>the</strong> floor of stamped earth, a ledge of crude bricks<br />
1<br />
y 2 feet wide, which was capped by a layer of baked bricks<br />
1<br />
Comp. <strong>the</strong> terra-cotta head from Nippur published bv me <strong>in</strong> " The Bab.<br />
Exp. of <strong>the</strong> U. of Pa.," series A, vol. ix, pi. xii, no. 22.<br />
2<br />
Comp. my treatment of <strong>the</strong> whole question <strong>in</strong> " The Bab. Exp. of <strong>the</strong><br />
U. of Pa.," vol. i, series A, part 1, pp. 28, seqq.