Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
344 EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS building with registering offices, a kind of bazaar, or both, as seems to result with great probability from a study of the tablets and from later discoveries made in this neighborhood by the present writer. Indeed, it was a dark day when Peters decided to excavate the ruins of Nuffar without the aid of a specialist, whether Assyriologist or architect. Fortunately Pognon, then French consul at Baghdad, occasionally lent a helping hand in determining the age and contents of some of the better preserved inscriptions from squeezes and photographs submitted to him, 1 and Peters could congratulate himself that at the time of his greatest need a Hungarian engineer, in the employ of the Ottoman government, Coleman d'Emey, appeared suddenly in the camp to hunt in the Babylonian swamps. He was easily induced to devote part of his time to a renewed survey of the principal ruins and to the preparation of plans of the excavated walls and rooms of the two Parthian palaces. It is true, according to the director's own statement, the real merits of his drawings are to be judged leniently, 2 but in connection with Peters' scanty notes they enabled us at least to form a general idea of the character and disposition of the latest constructions on the temple mound. On the third day of May the excavations of the second campaign came to a more peaceful ending than those in the previous year. Before the trenches were abandoned, Peters very wisely decided to send part of his material out of the country, " to insure the preservation of something in case of disaster." For in consequence of his stubborn refusal to pav the often demanded blood-monev to the Sa'id, the disappointed tribe very naturally sought to indemnify itself in another way. A first boat-load of antiquities had left Nuffar safelv towards the end of April. At the same time Haynes, who not without reason feared being waylaid and 1 Comp. Peters, /. c, vol. ii, pp. 51 and 280. 2 Comp. Peters, /. c. , vol. ii, pp. 90, seqq.
DURING 19 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 345 plundered by a ghazu> " stole away in the night," and "pressed through to Hilla in hot haste." To prevent an attack planned by the enemy upon his camp for the night preceding the final departure of the expedition, Peters " resorted once more to stratagem, and gave a second exhibition of fireworks," which again had the desired effect. The Sa'id then hoped to intercept him as he left the territory of the 'Afej, and try to extort blackmail. But the American slipped out of their hands before they realized that he had gone. As soon as all the workmen from Jumjuma had been sent in detachments through the marshes and everything was packed upon the last boats, including the Turkish commissioner and the zabtiye, Peters and Noorian, accompanied by some trusted Arab laborers and a personal servant, turned to the village of Hajji Tarfa to examine the more prominent mounds in the south. With a door-socket of Gimil- Sin of Ur (about 2550 b. c.) picked up at Muqayyar, and with another of the same monarch and a whole box of fine tablets, through a fortunate accident discovered at Jokha after a little scratching of the surface, thev returned to the north bv way of Samawa, Nejef, and Kerbela, reaching Baghdad on the 7th of June, 1890. About a week later Peters was on his way to the Mediterranean coast, returning to America in November, while Haynes and Noorian left the country separately by different routes and at different times in the course of the same year. 'Third Campaign, 1893-1S96. In view of the large number of inscribed objects unearthed by him, Peters felt greatly encouraged as to future explorations at Nuffar, and looked upon his method of excavating in a somewhat different light from that in which it has been viewed by others. He was so much pleased with the tangible results which he had to show that before leaving the ruins he wrote to the committee urging early resumption of the work under Haynes alone according to the principles laid down by him. As the two
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DURING 19 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 345<br />
plundered by a ghazu> " stole away <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> night," and<br />
"pressed through to Hilla <strong>in</strong> hot haste." To prevent an<br />
attack planned by <strong>the</strong> enemy upon his camp for <strong>the</strong> night<br />
preced<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al departure of <strong>the</strong> expedition, Peters " resorted<br />
once more to stratagem, and gave a second exhibition<br />
of fireworks," which aga<strong>in</strong> had <strong>the</strong> desired effect. The Sa'id<br />
<strong>the</strong>n hoped to <strong>in</strong>tercept him as he left <strong>the</strong> territory of <strong>the</strong><br />
'Afej, and try to extort blackmail. But <strong>the</strong> American<br />
slipped out of <strong>the</strong>ir hands before <strong>the</strong>y realized that<br />
he had<br />
gone. As soon as all <strong>the</strong> workmen from Jumjuma had been<br />
sent <strong>in</strong> detachments through <strong>the</strong> marshes and everyth<strong>in</strong>g<br />
was packed upon <strong>the</strong> last boats, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Turkish commissioner<br />
and <strong>the</strong> zabtiye, Peters and Noorian, accompanied<br />
by some trusted Arab laborers and a personal servant, turned<br />
to <strong>the</strong> village of Hajji Tarfa to exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> more prom<strong>in</strong>ent<br />
mounds <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> south. With a door-socket of Gimil-<br />
S<strong>in</strong> of Ur (about 2550 b. c.) picked up at Muqayyar, and<br />
with ano<strong>the</strong>r of <strong>the</strong> same monarch and a whole box of f<strong>in</strong>e<br />
tablets, through a fortunate accident discovered at Jokha after<br />
a little scratch<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong> surface, <strong>the</strong>v returned to <strong>the</strong> north<br />
bv way of Samawa, Nejef, and Kerbela, reach<strong>in</strong>g Baghdad<br />
on <strong>the</strong> 7th of June, 1890. About a week later Peters<br />
was on his way to <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean coast, return<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
America <strong>in</strong> November, while Haynes and Noorian left <strong>the</strong><br />
country<br />
separately by different routes and at different times<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> course of <strong>the</strong> same year.<br />
'Third Campaign, 1893-1S96.<br />
In view of <strong>the</strong> large number<br />
of <strong>in</strong>scribed objects unear<strong>the</strong>d by him, Peters felt greatly<br />
encouraged as to future explorations at Nuffar, and looked<br />
upon his method of excavat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a somewhat different light<br />
from that <strong>in</strong> which it has been viewed by o<strong>the</strong>rs. He was so<br />
much pleased with <strong>the</strong> tangible results which he had to show<br />
that before leav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ru<strong>in</strong>s he wrote to <strong>the</strong> committee<br />
urg<strong>in</strong>g early resumption of <strong>the</strong> work under Haynes alone<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples laid down by him. As <strong>the</strong> two