Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
298 EXPLOliATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS that while he fully agreed with Dr. Peters as to the importance of either of the proposed mounds 1 for archaeological research, especially of Nuffar, so frequently and prominently mentioned in the earliest cuneiform inscriptions, he nevertheless felt it his duty to affirm that none of these extensive mounds could be excavated in the least adequately within the period stated, and that, moreover, according to his own calculations, even a small expedition of only four members and a corresponding number of servants and workmen would necessarily cost more in the first year than the whole sum required for three years. 2 He furthermore called attention to the fact that the national honor and the scientific character of this first great American enterprise in Babylonia would seem to require the addition of an American Assyriologist and architect, and, if possible, even of a surveyor and a naturalist, to the proposed staff of the 1 Notwithstanding all that has been said against Anbar (Persian, " magazine, granary") as a Babylonian site, I still hold with Dr. Ward, on the ground of my own personal examination of the immense ruins and of the topography of that whole neighborhood, that long before the foundation of Peroz Shapur a Babylonian city of considerable importance must have existed there. Traces of it would doubtless be revealed in the lower strata of its principal mounds. The mere facts that here the Euphrates entered Babylonia proper, that here the first great canal — on the protection of which the fertility and prosperity of an important section of the country depended — branches off, and that here a military station is required to complete the northern fortification line of the empire, — indicated by Tell Mohammed between the Tigris and the Diyala (covering the remains of a palace of Hammurabi, comp. p. 158, above), and 'Aqarquf between the Tigris and the Euphrates (the ancient Dur-Kurigalzu, comp. pp. 38, seq., above), — forces us to look for the ruins of a Babylonian city on the site of Anbar, which represents the most important point on the whole northern boundary. 2 At Dr. Pepper's request, I handed my own views to him in writing as to the composition, task, expenses, etc., of a Babylonian expedition on the morning following this meeting. This paper was returned to the writer shortly before Dr. Pepper's untimely death. The probable expenses of such an expedition with a staff of five or six persons was estimated for the first year at $19,200.
DURING 19TB. CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 299 expedition. If, however, in view of a very natural desire on the part of the director and his financial supporters, the principal stress was to be laid on the rapid acquisition of important museum objects and inscribed tablets rather than on the methodical and complete examination of an entire large ruin, it would be by far wiser to select from among the different sites visited by Dr. Ward one which was somewhat smaller in size and considerably less superimposed with the remains and rubbish of the post-Babylonian period than anv of the ruins submitted for consideration. 1 The results showed only too plainly that the view maintained by the present writer was correct, and that his objections, raised for the sole purpose of preventing unpleasant complications and later disappointments with regard to " the white elephant," as the expedition was soon to be styled, were based upon a careful discrimination between uncertain hopes and sober facts. The same evening " The Babylonian Exploration Fund " was called into existence, about half of the sum requested ($15,000) subscribed, and an expedition with Dr. Peters as director recommended. On March 17, 1888, the organization of the new corporation was completed by the election of Provost Pepper as president, Mr. E. W. Clark as treasurer, and Professor Hilprecht as secretary. 2 Dr. 1 I had in mind a ruin of the type of Fara (recently recommended by me to the German Orient Society for similar consideration, comp. Mittheilungcn, no. 10, p. 2), where the pre-Sargonic stratum reaches to the very surface of the mound. - The whole Executive Committee consisted of fifteen members, including the three officers mentioned and the director of the expedition. The other members were Messrs. C. H. Clark (chairman of the Publication Committee), W. W. Frazier, C. C. Harrison (the present provost), Joseph D. Potts (f), Maxwell Sommerville, H. Clay Trumbull, Talcott Williams, Richard Wood, Stuart Wood, of Philadelphia ; Professor Langley, of the Smithsonian Institute, Washington ; and Professor Marquand, of Princeton University.
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DURING 19TB. CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 299<br />
expedition. If, however, <strong>in</strong> view of a very natural desire<br />
on <strong>the</strong> part of <strong>the</strong> director and his f<strong>in</strong>ancial supporters, <strong>the</strong><br />
pr<strong>in</strong>cipal stress was to be laid on <strong>the</strong> rapid acquisition of<br />
important museum objects and <strong>in</strong>scribed tablets<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
on <strong>the</strong> methodical and complete exam<strong>in</strong>ation of an entire<br />
large ru<strong>in</strong>, it would be by far wiser to select from among<br />
<strong>the</strong> different sites visited by Dr. Ward one which was<br />
somewhat smaller <strong>in</strong> size and considerably less superimposed<br />
with <strong>the</strong> rema<strong>in</strong>s and rubbish of <strong>the</strong> post-Babylonian<br />
period than anv of <strong>the</strong> ru<strong>in</strong>s submitted for consideration.<br />
1 The results showed only too pla<strong>in</strong>ly that <strong>the</strong> view<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> present writer was correct, and that his<br />
objections, raised for <strong>the</strong> sole purpose of prevent<strong>in</strong>g unpleasant<br />
complications and later disappo<strong>in</strong>tments with regard<br />
to " <strong>the</strong> white elephant," as <strong>the</strong> expedition was soon to be<br />
styled, were based upon a careful discrim<strong>in</strong>ation between<br />
uncerta<strong>in</strong> hopes and sober facts.<br />
The same even<strong>in</strong>g " The Babylonian Exploration Fund "<br />
was called <strong>in</strong>to existence, about half of <strong>the</strong> sum requested<br />
($15,000) subscribed, and an expedition with Dr. Peters as<br />
director recommended. On March 17, 1888, <strong>the</strong> organization<br />
of <strong>the</strong> new corporation was completed by <strong>the</strong> election<br />
of Provost Pepper as president, Mr. E. W. Clark as<br />
treasurer, and Professor <strong>Hilprecht</strong> as secretary. 2 Dr.<br />
1<br />
I had <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d a ru<strong>in</strong> of <strong>the</strong> type of Fara (recently recommended by me<br />
to <strong>the</strong> German Orient Society for similar consideration, comp. Mit<strong>the</strong>ilungcn,<br />
no. 10, p. 2), where <strong>the</strong> pre-Sargonic stratum reaches to <strong>the</strong> very surface<br />
of <strong>the</strong> mound.<br />
-<br />
The whole Executive Committee consisted of fifteen members, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> three officers mentioned and <strong>the</strong> director of <strong>the</strong> expedition. The o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
members were Messrs. C. H. Clark (chairman of <strong>the</strong> Publication Committee),<br />
W. W. Frazier, C. C. Harrison (<strong>the</strong> present provost), Joseph D.<br />
Potts (f),<br />
Maxwell Sommerville, H. Clay Trumbull, Talcott Williams,<br />
Richard Wood, Stuart Wood, of Philadelphia ;<br />
Professor Langley, of <strong>the</strong><br />
Smithsonian Institute, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton ; and Professor Marquand, of Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton<br />
University.