Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century - H. V. Hilprecht
13G EXPLORATIONS IN BIBLE LANDS and which were generally lined with bas-reliefs illustrating the king's wars against Elam, Babylonia, the Arabs, etc. While breaking down the walls of one of these rooms, he found a large terra-cotta.prism, unfortunately crumbling to pieces when exposed to the air, but soon afterwards replaced by the fragments of a second. They were duplicates, and contained the annals of Ashurbanapal, equally important for our knowledge of the history and tor a study of the language and grammar of that prominent period of Assyrian art and literature. During the first three months in 1854 the fortunate explorer was busv in excavating the palace as tar as he could. But his funds were limited and quickly exhausted. At the beginning of April he was obliged to dismiss the different gangs of workmen employed at Ooyunjuk and Nimrud and to return to England. The acceptance of a political appointment at Aden prevented him from going out to Nineveh again in the same year, as the British Museum had planned. His place was filled by Loftus and by Boutcher, who acted as the artist of the former. They had been for some time in Southern Babylonia, carrying on excavations at a moderate rate on behalf of the Assyrian Excavation Fund. This was a private society organized for the purpose of enlarging the field of English operations in Assyria and Babylonia, as the parliamentary grant secured by the British Museum was considered quite inadequate for the proper continuation of the national work so gloriously initiated Lavard. The thought and spirit which led to the founding of this society were most excellent and praiseworthy, but the method and means by which its representatives endeavored to reach their aim were neither tactful nor wise, and finally became even prejudicial to the very r interests thev intended to serve. Instead of placing their contributions and funds with a statement of their desired application at the disposal of the British Museum, that great national agency for all bv
DURING 19 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 137 such archaeological undertakings, the managers of the new corporation proceeded independently. The expedition which they sent out appeared as a competitor rather than as a helpmate of the other, and was about to risk serious collisions between the rival workmen of the two parties by occupying the same mound of Ooyunjuk after Rassam's departure, when upon the energetic representation of Rawlinson, who naturally did not look very favorably on the proceedings of this new society, an arrangement was concluded in London which placed matters on an entirely satisfactory basis. The Assyrian Excavation Fund transferred its remaining property to Loftus and Boutcher should henceforth the British Museum, and decided that receive their directions from Rawlinson. The examination of the north palace of Ashurbanapal at Nineveh was resumed with new vigor under these two men, who had gathered considerable experience in the trenches of Warka and Senkere. While Boutcher drew the numerous sculptures and copied the monumental inscriptions, Loftus continued the excavations where Rassam had left them, trying first of all to determine the precise extent of the new building. But he also cleared a portion of its interior, and laid bare the whole ascending passage and a portal with three adjoining rooms at the western corner. interested in the edifice as a whole, and in Being deeply the determination of its architectural features, somewhat neglected by his predecessor, he did not confine himself to digging for new sculptures, though appreciating them whenever they were found. The bas-relief representing the king in comfortable repose upon a couch under the frees of his garden, and the queen sitting on a chair beside him, both drinking from cups while attendants with towels and fans stand behind them, was with man} other interesting monuments discovered by Loftus. Unfortunately, however, the British Museum had not the means or did not care to continue the
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DURING 19 CENTURY: ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA 137<br />
such archaeological undertak<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>the</strong> managers of <strong>the</strong> new<br />
corporation proceeded <strong>in</strong>dependently. The expedition which<br />
<strong>the</strong>y sent out appeared as a competitor ra<strong>the</strong>r than as a<br />
helpmate of <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, and was about to risk serious collisions<br />
between <strong>the</strong> rival workmen of <strong>the</strong> two parties by<br />
occupy<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same mound of Ooyunjuk after Rassam's departure,<br />
when upon <strong>the</strong> energetic representation of Rawl<strong>in</strong>son,<br />
who naturally did not look very favorably on <strong>the</strong> proceed<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
of this new society, an arrangement was concluded<br />
<strong>in</strong> London which placed matters on an entirely satisfactory<br />
basis. The Assyrian Excavation Fund transferred its rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
property to<br />
Loftus and Boutcher should henceforth<br />
<strong>the</strong> British Museum, and decided that<br />
receive <strong>the</strong>ir directions<br />
from Rawl<strong>in</strong>son.<br />
The exam<strong>in</strong>ation of <strong>the</strong> north palace of Ashurbanapal at<br />
N<strong>in</strong>eveh was resumed with new vigor under <strong>the</strong>se two men,<br />
who had ga<strong>the</strong>red considerable experience <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> trenches of<br />
Warka and Senkere. While Boutcher drew <strong>the</strong> numerous<br />
sculptures and copied <strong>the</strong> monumental <strong>in</strong>scriptions,<br />
Loftus<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>ued <strong>the</strong> excavations where Rassam had left <strong>the</strong>m, try<strong>in</strong>g<br />
first of all to determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> precise extent of <strong>the</strong> new<br />
build<strong>in</strong>g. But he also cleared a portion of its <strong>in</strong>terior, and<br />
laid bare <strong>the</strong> whole ascend<strong>in</strong>g passage and a portal with<br />
three adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g rooms at <strong>the</strong> western corner.<br />
<strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> edifice as a whole, and <strong>in</strong><br />
Be<strong>in</strong>g deeply<br />
<strong>the</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
of its architectural features, somewhat neglected by his predecessor,<br />
he did not conf<strong>in</strong>e himself to digg<strong>in</strong>g for new<br />
sculptures, though appreciat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m whenever <strong>the</strong>y were<br />
found. The bas-relief represent<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> comfortable<br />
repose upon a couch under <strong>the</strong> frees of his garden, and <strong>the</strong><br />
queen sitt<strong>in</strong>g on a chair beside him, both dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g from<br />
cups while attendants with towels and fans stand beh<strong>in</strong>d<br />
<strong>the</strong>m, was with man} o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g monuments discovered<br />
by Loftus. Unfortunately, however, <strong>the</strong> British Museum<br />
had not <strong>the</strong> means or did not care to cont<strong>in</strong>ue <strong>the</strong>