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Racial and Ethnic Trends in<br />
Southeast Michigan<br />
presentation to<br />
Wayne State University<br />
Law School<br />
Kurt Metzger<br />
Director<br />
<strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong> (D3)<br />
March 24, 2011
What is <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong> (D3)?<br />
• D3 is a non-profit, founded in 2009, principally funded by<br />
The Kresge Foundation and The Skillman Foundation.<br />
• D3 supports foundation, public, non-profit, and community<br />
partners with research, analysis, and mapping/data<br />
visualization.<br />
• D3 is a member of the National Neighborhood Indicators<br />
Program (NNIP), founded by the Urban Institute.
Mission<br />
• <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong> (D3) provides<br />
accessible high-quality information and<br />
analysis to drive informed decision-making<br />
that will strengthen communities in<br />
Southeast Michigan.<br />
3/10/2011 www.<strong>Data</strong><strong>Driven</strong><strong>Detroit</strong>.org
Primary Functions of NNIP Partners<br />
• Build and operate community information systems<br />
• Facilitate the direct and practical use of indicators by<br />
stakeholders in community-building and policy-making<br />
• Prioritize building capacity in distressed communities<br />
• Democratize information and demystify data
<strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>’s Roles<br />
Work with <strong>Data</strong><br />
• Collect and Evaluate<br />
• Enhance<br />
• Analyze/Synthesize<br />
• Visualize<br />
• Democratize<br />
Support Partners<br />
• Share Augmented <strong>Data</strong><br />
• Illustrate Macro Trends<br />
• Provide Neighborhood Analyses<br />
• Inform Strategy and Prioritization (Targeting)<br />
• Provide Project Technical Assistance<br />
• Promote Synergy and Convergence
(Some) Neighborhood Indicators<br />
• Population Characteristics and Trends<br />
• Health, Education, Employment<br />
• Housing Occupancy and Quality<br />
• Mortgage Lending and Housing Market Activity<br />
• Crime and Public Safety Information<br />
• Community Capacity and Institutions<br />
• Vacant Land Inventory and Land Use<br />
• Environmental Assessments<br />
• Economic Activity and Trends
Regional & State Indicators<br />
Projects<br />
• One D Scorecard<br />
• The Center for Michigan 2010<br />
Scorecard<br />
• Hard To Count<br />
• Michigan 2010 Census Planning<br />
• New Economy Initiative Grantee<br />
Evaluation
Community & Neighborhood<br />
Indicators Projects<br />
• CDAD Neighborhood Revitalization<br />
Strategic Framework<br />
• Michigan NSP2 Consortium<br />
• Starfish Family Services Needs<br />
Assessment<br />
• East Jefferson Neighborhood Profile<br />
• Local Initiatives Support Corporation<br />
• The Catholic Archdiocese of <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
• City Council Elections by District<br />
3/10/2011 www.<strong>Data</strong><strong>Driven</strong><strong>Detroit</strong>.org
Community & Neighborhood<br />
Indicators Projects<br />
• M1 Rail Project Neighborhood<br />
Indicators Benchmarks<br />
• Wayne State University Institute of<br />
Environmental Health Sciences<br />
• Senior Mobility Outreach Project<br />
• Better Buildings for Michigan<br />
• Supporting The Skillman Foundation’s<br />
Good Neighborhoods and Excellent<br />
Schools<br />
3/10/2011 www.<strong>Data</strong><strong>Driven</strong><strong>Detroit</strong>.org
Child Welfare<br />
Indicators Projects<br />
• <strong>Detroit</strong> Kids <strong>Data</strong><br />
• Supporting Wayne and<br />
Macomb Counties’ Great Start<br />
Collaboratives<br />
• Right Start in <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
• The State of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s Child
Developing New <strong>Data</strong><br />
• <strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey<br />
• Social Compact DrillDown<br />
• Consumer Expenditure Survey<br />
• Housing Market Transaction <strong>Data</strong><br />
• Lower Eastside Action Plan<br />
• <strong>Detroit</strong> Industrial Parcel Survey<br />
• Environmental Indicators
Projected 50 Years Population Growth<br />
Race<br />
250<br />
200<br />
213<br />
188<br />
150<br />
100<br />
71<br />
50<br />
0<br />
7<br />
Whites Blacks Asians Hispanics
US: Population by Race: 2000 and 2050<br />
100.0%<br />
90.0%<br />
80.0%<br />
70.0%<br />
60.0%<br />
50.0%<br />
40.0%<br />
30.0%<br />
20.0%<br />
10.0%<br />
0.0%<br />
69.4%<br />
12.7%<br />
50.1%<br />
14.6%<br />
8.0%<br />
3.8%<br />
24.4%<br />
12.6%<br />
1.5% 2.9%<br />
2000 2050<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Asian<br />
Hispanic<br />
Other
United States: Population by Race/Ethnicity:<br />
Population by Race/Ethnicity: 2010 – 2050<br />
(Constant Immigration)<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
15.8% 18.8%<br />
1.5%<br />
1.9%<br />
4.5%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.3%<br />
5.0%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.4%<br />
21.8%<br />
2.3%<br />
5.4%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.4%<br />
24.8% 27.8%<br />
2.7%<br />
5.8%<br />
3.2%<br />
0.8%<br />
6.1%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.3%<br />
12.2%<br />
Hispanic / Latino<br />
Other / Multi-Race<br />
Asian/Pacific<br />
Islander<br />
Native American<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
65.2%<br />
61.2% 57.4%<br />
53.5%<br />
49.9%<br />
Black /African<br />
American<br />
White<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050<br />
Source: Census Bureau
United States: Population by Race/Ethnicity:<br />
Population by Race/Ethnicity: 2010 – 2050<br />
(High Immigration)<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
16.3% 20.0%<br />
1.5%<br />
1.9%<br />
4.8%<br />
0.8%<br />
5.8%<br />
12.2%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.2%<br />
23.7%<br />
2.2%<br />
6.7%<br />
0.8%<br />
12.1%<br />
27.6%<br />
2.6%<br />
7.6%<br />
0.8%<br />
11.9%<br />
31.3%<br />
3.0%<br />
8.3%<br />
0.7%<br />
11.6%<br />
Hispanic / Latino<br />
Other / Multi-Race<br />
Asian/Pacific<br />
Islander<br />
Native American<br />
40%<br />
Black /African<br />
American<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
64.4%<br />
59.5%<br />
54.5%<br />
49.6%<br />
45.0%<br />
White<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050<br />
Source: Census Bureau
Migration Patterns Resulted in Growth Over the Decade<br />
for All States But Michigan<br />
1,000,000<br />
849,133<br />
889,589<br />
800,000<br />
675,016<br />
600,000<br />
567,135<br />
400,000<br />
200,000<br />
281,998<br />
403,978<br />
214,573<br />
310,572<br />
120,452 65,869<br />
376,441<br />
0<br />
-200,000<br />
-400,000<br />
-600,000<br />
Georgia Illinois North Carolina Ohio South Carolina<br />
-228,888<br />
-247,751<br />
-368,203<br />
-632,866<br />
Domestic<br />
Immigration<br />
Net Migration<br />
-800,000<br />
Source: Census Bureau
Migration Patterns Resulted in Growth Over the Decade<br />
for All States But Michigan<br />
2,500,000<br />
2,000,000<br />
1,816,633<br />
2,034,234<br />
1,781,785<br />
1,500,000<br />
1,000,000<br />
714,354<br />
986,764<br />
1,182,974<br />
851,260<br />
848,702<br />
933,083<br />
500,000<br />
272,410<br />
306,925<br />
168,668<br />
0<br />
-500,000<br />
Arizona California Florida Michigan Texas<br />
-540,750<br />
-372,082<br />
-1,000,000<br />
-1,500,000<br />
-1,509,708<br />
Domestic<br />
Immigration<br />
Net Migration<br />
-2,000,000<br />
Source: Census Bureau
MICHIGAN: Population by Race/Ethnicity: 1990 - 2010<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
2.2% 0.1% 3.3%<br />
1.8% 4.1% 4.2%<br />
1.4%<br />
0.6%<br />
1.6% 4.4% 1.9%<br />
1.1% 0.5% 1.8% 0.5% 2.4% 0.6% 2.5% 2.4%<br />
0.6%<br />
13.8%<br />
14.1% 14.0% 13.9% 14.0%<br />
Hispanic / Latino<br />
Other / Multi-Race<br />
Asian/Pacific<br />
Islander<br />
Native American<br />
40%<br />
82.3%<br />
78.6% 77.5% 77.2% 76.6%<br />
Black /African<br />
American<br />
30%<br />
White<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
1990 2000 2008 2009 2010<br />
Source: Census Bureau<br />
1
TOTAL POPULATION, 2000<br />
STATE OF MICHIGAN<br />
Percent of Total Population<br />
Male<br />
85+<br />
80-84<br />
75-79<br />
70-74<br />
65-69<br />
60-64<br />
55-59<br />
50-54<br />
45-49<br />
40-44<br />
35-39<br />
30-34<br />
25-29<br />
20-24<br />
15-19<br />
10-14<br />
5-9<br />
0-4<br />
Female<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
0.0<br />
0.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
2.5<br />
3.0<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
4.5<br />
5.0<br />
5.5<br />
Percent
WHITE, NONHISPANIC POPULATION, 2000<br />
STATE OF MICHIGAN<br />
Percent of Total Population<br />
Male<br />
85+<br />
80-84<br />
75-79<br />
70-74<br />
65-69<br />
60-64<br />
55-59<br />
50-54<br />
45-49<br />
40-44<br />
35-39<br />
30-34<br />
25-29<br />
20-24<br />
15-19<br />
10-14<br />
5-9<br />
0-4<br />
Female<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
0.0<br />
0.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
2.5<br />
3.0<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
4.5<br />
5.0<br />
5.5<br />
Percent
AFRICAN-AMERICAN POPULATION, 2000<br />
STATE OF MICHIGAN<br />
Percent of Total Population<br />
Male<br />
85+<br />
80-84<br />
75-79<br />
70-74<br />
65-69<br />
60-64<br />
55-59<br />
50-54<br />
45-49<br />
40-44<br />
35-39<br />
30-34<br />
25-29<br />
20-24<br />
15-19<br />
10-14<br />
5-9<br />
0-4<br />
Female<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
0.0<br />
0.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
2.5<br />
3.0<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
4.5<br />
5.0<br />
5.5<br />
Percent
ASIAN POPULATION, 2000<br />
STATE OF MICHIGAN<br />
Percent of Total Population<br />
Male<br />
85+<br />
80-84<br />
75-79<br />
70-74<br />
65-69<br />
60-64<br />
55-59<br />
50-54<br />
45-49<br />
40-44<br />
35-39<br />
30-34<br />
25-29<br />
20-24<br />
15-19<br />
10-14<br />
5-9<br />
0-4<br />
Female<br />
6.5<br />
6.0<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
0.0<br />
0.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
2.5<br />
3.0<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
4.5<br />
5.0<br />
5.5<br />
6.0<br />
6.5<br />
Percent
HISPANIC POPULATION, 2000<br />
STATE OF MICHIGAN<br />
Percent of Total Population<br />
Male<br />
85+<br />
80-84<br />
75-79<br />
70-74<br />
65-69<br />
60-64<br />
55-59<br />
50-54<br />
45-49<br />
40-44<br />
35-39<br />
30-34<br />
25-29<br />
20-24<br />
15-19<br />
10-14<br />
5-9<br />
0-4<br />
Female<br />
6.5<br />
6.0<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
0.0<br />
0.5<br />
1.0<br />
1.5<br />
2.0<br />
2.5<br />
3.0<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
4.5<br />
5.0<br />
5.5<br />
6.0<br />
6.5<br />
Percent
The Transformation of <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
• “No one social program or policy,<br />
no single force, whether housing<br />
segregation, social welfare<br />
programs or deindustrialization,<br />
could have driven <strong>Detroit</strong> and other<br />
cities like it from their position of<br />
economic and political dominance;<br />
there is no simple explanation for<br />
the inequality and marginality that<br />
beset the urban poor. It is only<br />
through the complex and<br />
interwoven histories of race,<br />
residence and work in the postwar<br />
era that the state of today’s cities<br />
and their impoverished residents<br />
can be fully understood and<br />
confronted.”<br />
– Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins<br />
of the Urban Crisis: Race and<br />
Inequality in Postwar <strong>Detroit</strong>.<br />
Page 5<br />
A number of historical and<br />
contemporary policies and<br />
structural factors created<br />
today’s conditions in <strong>Detroit</strong>
<strong>Detroit</strong>’s Population History<br />
2,000,000<br />
1,800,000<br />
1,600,000<br />
1,568,662<br />
1,849,568<br />
1,670,144<br />
1,623,452<br />
1,511,482<br />
1,400,000<br />
1,200,000<br />
1,203,339<br />
1,000,000<br />
993,078<br />
1,027,974<br />
951,270<br />
800,000<br />
713,777<br />
600,000<br />
465,766<br />
400,000<br />
200,000<br />
116,340<br />
205,876<br />
285,704<br />
0<br />
1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010<br />
Source: Census Bureau
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
40,000 - 80,150<br />
30,000 - 39,999<br />
20,000 - 29,999<br />
10,000 - 19,999<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
8 - 4,999<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
1950<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
40,000 - 56,275<br />
30,000 - 39,999<br />
20,000 - 29,999<br />
10,000 - 19,999<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
1,410 - 4,999<br />
No Population<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
1960<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
30,000 - 39,582<br />
20,000 - 29,999<br />
10,000 - 19,999<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
405 - 4,999<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
1970<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
30,000 - 32,710<br />
20,000 - 29,999<br />
10,000 - 19,999<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
29 - 4,999<br />
No Population<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
1980<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
10,000 - 16,901<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
115 - 4,999<br />
No Population<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
1990<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
10,000 - 17,090<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
8 - 4,999<br />
No Population<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
2000<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
M-39<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-94<br />
M-8<br />
M-10<br />
I-94<br />
I-96<br />
M-39<br />
I-96<br />
M-10<br />
I-75<br />
I-96<br />
I-94<br />
I-75<br />
M-39<br />
I-94<br />
M-10<br />
I-375<br />
I-75<br />
Persons Per Square Mile<br />
6 - 4,999<br />
5,000 - 9,999<br />
10,000 - 16,051<br />
No Population<br />
I-75<br />
0 0.45 0.9 1.8<br />
Miles<br />
Sources: <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, Wayne State University,<br />
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010<br />
Population Density, by Census Tract<br />
2010<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan
AMONG LEADERS<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press 02/20/2010<br />
ROUND OPENER.<br />
SPORTS, 1B<br />
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RICK NEASE/<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press<br />
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again after<br />
contact with ex<br />
METRO, 3A<br />
KATIE VIGER<br />
Young woman<br />
made honorary<br />
nurse dies<br />
LIFE, 13A<br />
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AFTERMATH<br />
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Vol. 179, Number 292<br />
© 2010<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press Inc.<br />
Printed in the U.S.<br />
$1.00<br />
Housing in <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
THE GOOD, THE BAD<br />
Copyright © 2010 <strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press Inc.<br />
Use of this site indicates your agreement to the<br />
Terms By KATHLEEN of Service GRAY and Privacy Policy Wayne , updated County 9/21/05.<br />
AND THE VACANT<br />
2 CHARLESTON<br />
3 DELAWARE<br />
100%<br />
between 7 Mile<br />
at East<br />
Occupancy<br />
and Penrose<br />
Occupancy<br />
1 FERRY<br />
at Brush<br />
40%<br />
Nobody’s home in<br />
1 out of 3 city lots,<br />
but most houses<br />
OK, survey finds<br />
24<br />
39<br />
By JOHN GALLAGHER<br />
FREE PRESS BUSINESS WRITER<br />
A landmark survey has found<br />
that a third of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s residential<br />
parcels are either vacant lots or<br />
abandoned homes, but that more<br />
than 90% of the city’s occupied<br />
houses remain in decent condition.<br />
Released to the Free Press exclusively<br />
by the <strong>Detroit</strong> <strong>Data</strong> Collaborative,<br />
the results portray a city<br />
of contrasts: deep in distress in<br />
many areas, but surprisingly<br />
strong in others. The survey,<br />
which did not include business<br />
sites or apartment buildings,<br />
found more than 30,000 vacant<br />
residential structures, with more<br />
than 10,000 of them open to trespass<br />
and in dangerous condition.<br />
Organizers of the survey accented<br />
the positive.<br />
“It is significant that there are<br />
more than 200,000 single-family<br />
homes here that form a foundation<br />
for stable neighborhoods and<br />
growth,” said Diane McCloskey,<br />
director of community initiatives<br />
for <strong>Detroit</strong>’s Office of Foreclosure<br />
Prevention and Response.<br />
“What this survey really tells us<br />
is that we can’t paint <strong>Detroit</strong> with<br />
broad brush strokes,” said Kurt<br />
Metzger, a demographer and director<br />
of the nonprofit agency <strong>Data</strong><br />
<strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>, which helped<br />
conduct the survey.<br />
One key statistic: The survey<br />
found 91,488 vacant residential<br />
lots in the city. But surprisingly,<br />
26% of those vacant lots were improved<br />
in some way — fenced,<br />
mowed, planted with a community<br />
garden, or in some other way reclaimed<br />
from abandonment.<br />
❚ GOING BEYOND THE SURVEY DATA. 9A<br />
Wayne Co. to pay for<br />
once-a-week layoffs<br />
FREE PRESS STAFF WRITER<br />
Saturday 2.20.2010 www.freep.com ◆ On guard for 178 years<br />
96<br />
10<br />
94<br />
2<br />
10<br />
DELAWARE 3<br />
100%<br />
Occupancy<br />
4<br />
50%<br />
Occupancy<br />
5 HUBBARD<br />
6 WALTHAM<br />
at Minden 46%<br />
between Porter<br />
and Bagley<br />
CHARLESTON<br />
75<br />
1<br />
HUBBARD<br />
5<br />
The three most and least<br />
occupied areas of the city<br />
Note: Areas include block groups with<br />
100 or more residential parcels<br />
Sources: <strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey, Google Street <strong>View</strong><br />
75<br />
10<br />
75<br />
75<br />
12<br />
94<br />
1 FERRY<br />
53<br />
JOANN<br />
4<br />
6<br />
WALTHAM<br />
Inside: Take a closer look<br />
See results of the <strong>Detroit</strong> <strong>Data</strong> Collaborative’s<br />
survey. Two pages of graphics<br />
examine vacancy rates, structural conditions<br />
and housing stock. PAGES 8-9A<br />
3<br />
JOANN<br />
between Park Grove<br />
and Greiner<br />
100%<br />
Occupancy<br />
94<br />
Occupancy<br />
MOSES HARRIS, ERIC MILLIKIN,<br />
KOFI MYLER and KRISTI TANNER<br />
/<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press<br />
TIGER WOODS APOLOGIZES FOR<br />
INFIDELITY, SAYS HE WAS ‘SELFISH’<br />
ED WHITACRE:<br />
Current General<br />
Motors chairman and<br />
CEO to get $9 million.<br />
FRITZ HENDERSON:<br />
Former General<br />
Motors CEO will come<br />
back as a consultant.<br />
Big Ed gets<br />
big payday<br />
as ex-CEO<br />
gets GM job<br />
Former GM boss Henderson<br />
to be automaker consultant<br />
By TIM HIGGINS<br />
FREE PRESS BUSINESS WRITER<br />
While General Motors announced a $9-<br />
million pay package for Chairman and CEO<br />
Ed Whitacre on Friday, the surprising<br />
news was that the automaker was hiring<br />
former GM CEO Fritz Henderson as a consultant.<br />
Whitacre added the CEO duties to his<br />
plate in December after Henderson resigned<br />
from the company under pressure<br />
from the board, which was unhappy with<br />
the pace of the company’s restructuring.<br />
Henderson will consult on international<br />
issues where his experience in Asia will be<br />
valuable, said Chris Preuss, a GM spokesman.<br />
We’ve got “big, big, big operations in<br />
Asia Pacific with the international groups,<br />
where he has a depth of talent and capability.”<br />
Henderson, who did not receive severance<br />
when he left GM in December, will be<br />
paid $59,090 per month plus expenses for<br />
20 hours of consulting work each month.<br />
Whitacre’s pay package includes a $1.7-<br />
million base salary, which is more generous<br />
than Henderson’s compensation was as<br />
CEO, and GM says it has been approved in<br />
principle by the U.S. government’s pay<br />
czar.<br />
❚ WHITACRE’S COMPENSATION SEEMS ABOUT<br />
RIGHT, EXPERTS SAY. 6A<br />
Jail possible<br />
as Kilpatrick<br />
fails to pay up<br />
By JOE SWICKARD and BEN SCHMITT<br />
FREE PRESS STAFF WRITERS<br />
A probation-violation warrant could be<br />
issued for ex-<strong>Detroit</strong> Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick<br />
as soon as Monday after Friday’s<br />
deadline passed without him making the<br />
full payment of $79,011 toward his $1-million<br />
restitution.<br />
Instead, he sent $14,048 — and he paid it<br />
February 20, 2010 11:02 with pm money / Powered orders. by TECNAVIA<br />
MARANA, Ariz. — Speaking with<br />
emotions both sad and angry, Tiger<br />
Woods said Friday that he is sorry for<br />
A request would come from the Michigan<br />
Department of Corrections. Wayne<br />
County Circuit Court Judge David Groner,<br />
who ordered Kilpatrick to make the pay-
<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press 02/20/2010<br />
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F08A_20_1D_X#color#broad#single<br />
Copy Reduced to 46% from original to fit letter page<br />
x<br />
Page : A08<br />
8A WWW.FREEP.COM SATURDAY, FEB. 20, 2010 ◆<br />
COVER STORY◆HOUSING IN DETROIT<br />
A city block in the State Fair neighborhood shows vacancy typical of many areas.<br />
Google Street <strong>View</strong><br />
WIDE OPEN SPACES<br />
It’s hard to move a city forward without a precise understanding of its housing stock. Thanks to a landmark new survey, <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
now possesses its most precise mapping of its residential parcels — its strongest neighborhoods and its abandoned districts alike<br />
— for use in planning new efforts toward recovery.<br />
VACANCY RATES<br />
For the first time, <strong>Detroit</strong> now has an accurate picture of<br />
residential vacancy, thanks to the new survey by the<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> <strong>Data</strong> Collaborative. Vacancy is widespread, with<br />
approximately 91,000 vacant residential lots and about<br />
31,000 empty residential structures. We highlighted the<br />
three highest- and lowest-vacancy areas in the city to<br />
demonstrate the variety of neighborhood conditions. The<br />
darkest areas on this map show the concentration of<br />
highest vacancies. The lighter blue areas show the areas<br />
of least vacancy — the more solid neighborhoods that<br />
will anchor the city’s redevelopment efforts.<br />
NOTE: Some vacant houses remain in good or fair condition. Improved vacant lots<br />
have been fenced, mowed, planted with a community garden, or in some other way<br />
reclaimed from abandonment.<br />
Graphic by MARTHA THIERRY, MOSES HARRIS, ERIC MILLIKIN, KRISTI TANNER and JOHN GALLAGHER/<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press<br />
60%<br />
STATE FAIR NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
Vacant houses<br />
Houses in good<br />
or fair condition<br />
82%<br />
218 vacant houses<br />
145 occupied houses<br />
5 improved vacant lots<br />
109 unimproved vacant lots<br />
54%<br />
48%<br />
CONNER NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
Vacant houses<br />
Houses in good<br />
or fair condition<br />
61 vacant houses<br />
52 occupied houses<br />
16 improved vacant lots<br />
94 unimproved vacant lots<br />
50%<br />
65%<br />
MT. OLIVET NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
Vacant houses<br />
Houses in good<br />
or fair condition<br />
77 vacant houses<br />
76 occupied houses<br />
7 improved vacant lots<br />
101 unimproved vacant lots<br />
City of<br />
Highland Park<br />
City of<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Percentage of parcels<br />
with vacant houses<br />
0% - 7.02%<br />
7.03% - 12.5%<br />
12.51% - 19.55%<br />
19.56% - 60.06%<br />
Unsurveyed<br />
NOTE: Includes single, duplex<br />
and multi-unit houses up to<br />
four units.<br />
1 mile<br />
Vacant houses<br />
Vacant houses<br />
0%<br />
0% 0%<br />
Houses in good<br />
Houses in good<br />
or fair condition<br />
or fair condition<br />
100% 100% 100%<br />
VERNOR/JUNCTION NEIGHBORHOOD MIDDLE WOODWARD NEIGHBORHOOD LOWER WOODWARD NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
58 occupied houses<br />
154 occupied houses<br />
Vacant houses<br />
Houses in good<br />
or fair condition<br />
76 occupied houses<br />
38 improved vacant lots<br />
4 improved vacant lots<br />
4 improved vacant lots<br />
Source: <strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey<br />
4 unimproved vacant lots<br />
5 unimproved vacant lots<br />
25 unimproved vacant lots<br />
WHERE VACANCY PREVAILS<br />
Vacant residential lots are not scattered evenly throughout <strong>Detroit</strong> but concentrated in the city’s weakest<br />
areas. On this map, the darkest green sections are those where at least 50% of residential parcels are now<br />
vacant lots — the urban prairie. Identifying these lots precisely, as the survey does, allows <strong>Detroit</strong> to plan<br />
to reuse these areas as community farms, greenways and other environmentally helpful uses.<br />
OPEN AND DANGEROUS STRUCTURES<br />
Most of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s residential structures are in good or fair condition. The darker areas on this map locate<br />
the concentrations of residential buildings found to be vacant, open and dangerous. These could be the<br />
areas targeted for crime prevention, demolition and other interventions.<br />
City of<br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
City of<br />
Hamtramck<br />
City of<br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
City of<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Vacant lots as a percentage<br />
of total residential parcels<br />
0% - 12.5%<br />
12.6% - 25%<br />
25.1% - 50%<br />
50.1% - 100%<br />
Unsurveyed<br />
1 mile<br />
LAND USE<br />
Here’s a breakdown of how<br />
residential parcels are used.<br />
73% housing<br />
20% unimproved<br />
vacant lots<br />
7% improved<br />
vacant lots<br />
Percentage of residential parcels<br />
that are fire damaged, open to<br />
trespass or in need of demolition<br />
0% - 5%<br />
5.01% - 10%<br />
10.01% - 15%<br />
15.01% - 50%<br />
1 mile<br />
STRUCTURE RATINGS<br />
Here’s a breakdown of the condition<br />
of housing that is vacant, open,<br />
dangerous or fire damaged.<br />
37% should be<br />
demolished<br />
35% poor<br />
21% fair<br />
7% good<br />
Copyright © 2010 <strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press Inc.<br />
Use of this site indicates your agreement to the<br />
Terms of Service and Privacy Policy , updated 9/21/05.<br />
February 20, 2010 11:05 pm / Powered by TECNAVIA
x<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press 02/20/2010<br />
Copy Reduced to 65% from original to fit letter page<br />
Page : A09<br />
x<br />
HOUSING IN DETROIT➧COVER STORY<br />
◆ SATURDAY, FEB. 20, 2010 WWW.FREEP.COM 9A<br />
A block in the Middle Woodward neighborhood shows a high-occupancy area of the city.<br />
Google Street <strong>View</strong><br />
Many are gone, but more remain<br />
Most occupied houses in<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> still OK but amid<br />
vacant lots, survey finds<br />
By JOHN GALLAGHER<br />
FREE PRESS BUSINESS WRITER<br />
A mammoth new survey delivers<br />
a sharply focused look at<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>’s housing stock and<br />
lays the groundwork for a<br />
sweeping debate about rightsizing<br />
the city.<br />
The survey by the <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
<strong>Data</strong> Collaborative gives an<br />
unprecedented view of the<br />
strengths and weaknesses of<br />
the city’s residential areas. Results<br />
portray a city of marked<br />
contrasts.<br />
A little more than 35% of the<br />
city’s 343,849 residential parcels<br />
are either vacant lots or<br />
abandoned shells of buildings<br />
— a staggering burden for a city<br />
trying to reinvent itself.<br />
But the survey also found<br />
surprisingly upbeat results in<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>’s most vital districts.<br />
The survey found that more<br />
than 90% of the city’s occupied<br />
residential units are in good or<br />
fair condition — results that<br />
could lay the foundation for efforts<br />
to strengthen individual<br />
neighborhoods.<br />
If nothing else, the survey<br />
promises to plug some giant<br />
holes in the city’s understanding<br />
of itself. <strong>Detroit</strong> planners<br />
now have an accurate mapping<br />
of vacancy as well as precise<br />
data on the condition of individual<br />
residential parcels.<br />
Those should prove crucial for<br />
planning everything from private<br />
investment to government<br />
aid.<br />
“I am absolutely delighted<br />
that that information has been<br />
released,” said Robin Boyle,<br />
chairman of the urban planning<br />
department at Wayne<br />
State University. “I think it’s<br />
going to be a very important<br />
step in moving the city forward<br />
in terms of understanding<br />
what we have in vacancy,<br />
where the vacant properties<br />
are, and how we can start to<br />
move toward consolidation of<br />
these.”<br />
Todd Swanstrom, a professor<br />
of public policy at the University<br />
of Missouri, agreed.<br />
“The data is the first step,”<br />
What could fill<br />
the vacancy?<br />
Community leaders and city<br />
planners are trying to find new<br />
uses for <strong>Detroit</strong>’s empty spaces.<br />
Urban agriculture is getting a<br />
lot of attention as a possible<br />
use for the parcels. Residents<br />
already plant several hundred<br />
community gardens each year.<br />
Activists also are mapping a<br />
network of greenways — nonmotorized<br />
transportation corridors<br />
such as the Dequindre Cut<br />
— throughout the city.<br />
Some planners would like to<br />
create windmill farms and<br />
other alternative energy centers<br />
in <strong>Detroit</strong>’s open spaces.<br />
What’s next?<br />
The <strong>Detroit</strong> <strong>Data</strong> Collaborative<br />
wants to work with<br />
community groups and others<br />
to put its survey results to<br />
productive use. Software will<br />
permit users to create precise<br />
maps of conditions in specific<br />
neighborhoods.<br />
In this initial survey, the<br />
collaborative looked at only<br />
single-family houses and residential<br />
buildings with up to<br />
four units. When money becomes<br />
available, a future survey<br />
could look at larger residential<br />
units — apartment and<br />
condominium buildings — as<br />
well as commercial, retail and<br />
industrial parcels in the city.<br />
he said. “Nonprofits and private<br />
investors and others now<br />
will have much more information<br />
about where properties<br />
are available, and to market<br />
them in some sort of more systematic<br />
way.”<br />
To the math-phobic, the<br />
mountain of new data may<br />
seem arcane or even boring.<br />
But to decision-makers, the<br />
survey promises to mark a leap<br />
forward in tackling <strong>Detroit</strong>’s<br />
problems. In a world where investment<br />
decisions and government<br />
aid are driven by hard<br />
data, the survey offers an unblinking,<br />
parcel-by-parcel look<br />
of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s condition.<br />
Copyright Use of this © site 2010 indicates <strong>Detroit</strong> your Free Press agreement Inc.<br />
Terms of Service and Privacy Policy , updated to the<br />
9/21/05.<br />
A CITY OF CONTRASTS<br />
The condition of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s housing stock varies widely across the city. Many stronger neighborhoods, like<br />
some on the northwest or far east sides as seen in the yellow areas of the map, are composed almost<br />
solidly of homes in good condition. But many districts in the inner core of <strong>Detroit</strong> contain homes mostly<br />
in poor condition.<br />
Ratings of average<br />
housing conditions<br />
Strongest<br />
Moderately strong<br />
Moderately weak<br />
Weakest<br />
Unsurveyed<br />
NOTE: Includes single, duplex and<br />
multi-unit houses up to four units.<br />
1 mile<br />
City of<br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Source: <strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey<br />
By the numbers<br />
City of<br />
Hamtramck<br />
26%<br />
of the city’s residential parcels<br />
are vacant lots.<br />
95%<br />
of <strong>Detroit</strong> homes are deemed<br />
suitable for occupancy.<br />
“We really feel you’ve got to<br />
be able to show the data,” said<br />
Kurt Metzger, a demographer<br />
and director of the nonprofit<br />
agency <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>,<br />
which helped manage the survey.<br />
“You’ve got to be able to<br />
show that you have the capacity<br />
to understand what’s there<br />
and to measure outcomes and<br />
the return on investment.”<br />
The survey results will be<br />
available online at www.<br />
detroitparcelsurvey.org. As<br />
a safety precaution, the public<br />
will be allowed to access data<br />
only at the block level or larger,<br />
not the condition of individual<br />
houses. Gregory Parrish, data<br />
manager for <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong>,<br />
said that will prevent<br />
criminals from using the survey<br />
data to target empty houses.<br />
Community groups, researchers<br />
and others will be<br />
able to work with <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong><br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> to create detailed maps<br />
of individual districts for<br />
study. And, in the future, the<br />
agency hopes to add advanced<br />
mapping software and other<br />
tools to its Web site to make<br />
the survey results more accessible<br />
and useful.<br />
“We’re hoping for a pretty<br />
wide audience,” Parrish said.<br />
“It should be useable by anyone<br />
and everyone.”<br />
Many of the results confirm<br />
what other indicators of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s<br />
distress have shown.<br />
For example, two out of the<br />
three areas with the highest<br />
vacant housing rates can be<br />
found in the 48205 ZIP code, an<br />
east side area the Free Press<br />
has identified as having the<br />
highest foreclosure rate<br />
among metro communities.<br />
The survey, detailed as it is,<br />
marks only a first step. It did<br />
not consider commercial, industrial<br />
or retail parcels, nor<br />
HOUSE CONDITIONS<br />
Here’s a breakdown of the conditions<br />
of the city’s single-family units.<br />
86% good<br />
9% fair<br />
3% poor<br />
1% should be<br />
demolished<br />
Does not add up to 100% because of rounding.<br />
MARTHA THIERRY and MOSES HARRIS/<strong>Detroit</strong> Free Press<br />
9%<br />
of homes are generally in need<br />
of minor repair.<br />
86%<br />
of <strong>Detroit</strong>’s single-family<br />
homes are in good condition.<br />
Source: <strong>Detroit</strong> <strong>Data</strong> Collaborative<br />
was it able to consider apartment<br />
and condominium buildings<br />
larger than four units. Future<br />
surveys will need to tackle<br />
those parcels.<br />
But Metzger said the parcel<br />
data eventually could be<br />
merged with other databases<br />
— foreclosures, health and educational<br />
statistics, crime patterns<br />
— to allow the most precise<br />
imaging ever of a city and<br />
its challenges.<br />
Boyle agreed.<br />
“I think we’re beginning to<br />
build a strong picture of what<br />
this city is like,” Boyle said.<br />
“We are very special. It’s a<br />
unique city in terms of the<br />
amount of vacancy and empty<br />
How survey was done<br />
The <strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel<br />
Survey was conducted<br />
during August and September<br />
using about 50 University of<br />
Michigan students and <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
residents working in threeperson<br />
teams.<br />
Each team consisted of a<br />
driver and two spotters who<br />
rated the condition of individual<br />
residential parcels on each<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> street. The teams had<br />
maps, lists of parcels and GPS<br />
units. They were trained to<br />
assess the condition of each<br />
parcel, looking for signs of<br />
occupancy or vacancy as well as<br />
the overall condition, including<br />
evidence of fire damage or<br />
houses that seemed suitable<br />
for demolition.<br />
The teams did not leave their<br />
vehicles but made their assessments<br />
using visual inspections.<br />
U-M’s Ginsberg Center, which<br />
organizes community service<br />
projects, recruited and managed<br />
the survey crews. The<br />
nonprofit agency <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong><br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> manages the data and<br />
the Web site www<br />
.detroitparcelsurvey.org.<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>’s Office of Foreclosure<br />
Prevention and Response<br />
administered the overall project.<br />
The nonprofit Community<br />
Legal Resources’ <strong>Detroit</strong> Vacant<br />
Property Campaign provided<br />
technical assistance and<br />
training, and will work with<br />
community groups that will be<br />
using the data.<br />
See the results<br />
To view more results of the<br />
parcel survey, go to www<br />
.detroitparcelsurvey.org. The<br />
site is expected to be up and<br />
running this weekend.<br />
property, and I think we need<br />
to get a very, very firm handle<br />
on what that is to move forward.”<br />
Mayor Dave Bing’s office<br />
said the survey “can serve as a<br />
component in the decisionmaking<br />
and strategic process<br />
for the city as we look to develop<br />
a land use plan and demolition<br />
strategy for the city.”<br />
❚ CONTACT JOHN GALLAGHER: 313-222-5173<br />
OR GALLAGHER@FREEPRESS.COM<br />
We drove every street<br />
One city, 2,100 streets, 2,700 miles.<br />
Revisit our snapshot of the city:<br />
freep.com/Driving<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
Lawyer: Professor shows signs of mental illness<br />
February 20, 2010 11:06 pm / Powered by TECNAVIA
<strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey – 2/2010
<strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey – 2/2010
<strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey – 2/2010
<strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey – 2/2010
<strong>Detroit</strong> Residential Parcel Survey – 2/2010
Predominant Race, 1950<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
No <strong>Data</strong><br />
No Population<br />
Source: Minnesota Population Center.<br />
HNGIS, 2004<br />
December 2008/jcb
Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan<br />
Van Dyke<br />
39<br />
10<br />
75<br />
94<br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Gratiot<br />
Telegraph<br />
10<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River<br />
96<br />
96<br />
75<br />
94<br />
Woodward<br />
39<br />
Belle Isle<br />
10<br />
75<br />
94<br />
96<br />
75<br />
375<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> River<br />
Predominant Race<br />
by Census Tract<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Predominant Race by<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 1950<br />
1950 CensusTract<br />
75<br />
75<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan<br />
© 2001 Wayne State University<br />
CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb
Predominant Race, 1960<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
No <strong>Data</strong><br />
No Population<br />
Source: Minnesota Population Center.<br />
HNGIS, 2004<br />
December 2008/jcb
Predominant Race, 1970<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 1970<br />
December 2008/jcb
Predominant Race, 1980<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Hispanic<br />
No Population<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 1980<br />
December 2008/jcb
Predominant Race, 1990<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Hispanic<br />
No Population<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 1990<br />
December 2008/jcb
Predominant Race, 2000<br />
Tri-County Area<br />
OAKLAND<br />
MACOMB<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
WAYNE<br />
Legend<br />
COUNTY<br />
City<br />
Census Tract<br />
Predominant Race<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Hispanic<br />
No Population<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000<br />
December 2008/jcb
Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan<br />
Van Dyke<br />
Belle Isle<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> River<br />
375<br />
39<br />
10<br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Telegraph<br />
Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River<br />
96<br />
39<br />
96<br />
10<br />
75<br />
94<br />
75<br />
96<br />
75<br />
75<br />
Woodward<br />
10<br />
75<br />
75<br />
94<br />
94<br />
Gratiot<br />
Predominant Race<br />
by Census Tract<br />
Hispanic<br />
Black<br />
White<br />
No Population<br />
No Predominant Race<br />
Source: US Census Bureau 2000<br />
© 2001 Wayne State University<br />
Predominant Race by<br />
2000 Census Tract<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong>, Michigan<br />
CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb
Figure 6<br />
Net Flow of Domestic Migration<br />
Southeast Michigan, 1995-2000<br />
5,000<br />
35,000<br />
15,000<br />
St. Clair<br />
4,000<br />
2,000<br />
7,000<br />
7,000<br />
Livingston<br />
6,000<br />
Oakland<br />
10,000<br />
16,000<br />
Macomb<br />
5,000<br />
15,000<br />
1,000<br />
4,000<br />
Washtenaw<br />
7,000<br />
Balance<br />
of Wayne<br />
18,000<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
18,000<br />
1,500<br />
100<br />
Monroe<br />
3,000<br />
32,000<br />
Arrows extending beyond the Southeast Michigan<br />
boundary represent the net flow of domestic<br />
migration between the specific county/area and<br />
U.S. counties outside the region.<br />
In net terms, 32,000 more persons moved from the<br />
Balance of Wayne County to U.S. counties outside<br />
the region, from 1995–2000.<br />
500<br />
Note: Numbers shown represent the net flow of persons age five and older. Net flows between non-adjacent counties areas in<br />
Southeast Michigan are less than 2,000. For purposes of map clarity, these net flows are not shown.<br />
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.<br />
?? - Migration and its Impact on Southeast Michigan, 1990-2003
The Movement of Persons of Color to the Suburbs Marked<br />
the Decade of the 1990s<br />
White<br />
Black<br />
Asian<br />
Hispanic<br />
Multi/Othr<br />
Macomb 34,402 10,838 8,005 4,457 12,841<br />
Oakland 13,452 42,907 24,827 9,369 19,692<br />
Washtenaw 12,095 7,992 8,779 3,108 7,414<br />
Out-Wayne<br />
-44,235<br />
21,866 12,970 8,007 26,672<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> -112,357<br />
-2,563<br />
1,219 18,694 18,664<br />
Source: Census Bureau
Whites have moved throughout the region since 1970, while African Americans<br />
have moved primarily to concentrated areas adjacent to the City of <strong>Detroit</strong>.<br />
Prepared by:<br />
Kirwan Institute<br />
Date:<br />
September 30, 2005<br />
Projection:<br />
State Plane 83 Michigan South<br />
Source:<br />
Neighborhood Change <strong>Data</strong>base;<br />
Geography Network;<br />
U.S. Census Bureau<br />
Notes:<br />
White Population Change<br />
1970 to 2000<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> and<br />
Surrounding Counties<br />
Prepared by:<br />
Kirwan Institute<br />
Date:<br />
September 30, 2005<br />
Projection:<br />
State Plane 83 Michigan South<br />
Source:<br />
Neighborhood Change <strong>Data</strong>base;<br />
Geography Network;<br />
U.S. Census Bureau<br />
Notes:<br />
African American Population Change<br />
1970 to 2000<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> and<br />
Surrounding Counties<br />
Lapeer<br />
Lapeer<br />
St. Clair<br />
St. Clair<br />
Oakland<br />
Macomb<br />
Oakland<br />
Macomb<br />
Wayne<br />
Wayne<br />
Monroe<br />
County Boundaries<br />
Water Bodies<br />
Census Tracts<br />
Population Loss<br />
0 - 500<br />
500 - 1000<br />
1000 - 5000<br />
Above 5000 Persons<br />
Monroe<br />
County Boundaries<br />
Water Bodies<br />
Census Tracts<br />
Population Loss<br />
0 - 500<br />
500 - 1000<br />
1000 - 5000<br />
Above 5000 Persons
South<br />
Black Population by 2000 Census Tract<br />
Metropolitan <strong>Detroit</strong> Area<br />
Memphis<br />
Holly Twp<br />
Groveland Twp<br />
Brandon Twp<br />
Oxford Twp<br />
Addison Twp<br />
Bruce Twp<br />
Armada Twp<br />
Richmond Twp<br />
Richmond<br />
Washington Twp<br />
Ray Twp<br />
Rose Twp<br />
Springfield Twp<br />
Independence Twp<br />
Clarkston<br />
Orion Twp<br />
Oakland Twp<br />
Lenox Twp<br />
Highland Twp<br />
White Lake Twp<br />
Oakland<br />
Waterford Twp<br />
Keego<br />
Harbor<br />
Lake<br />
Angelus<br />
Sylvan<br />
Lake<br />
Pontiac<br />
Auburn Hills<br />
Rochester<br />
Rochester Hills<br />
Shelby Twp<br />
Macomb Twp<br />
Macomb<br />
Utica<br />
Mount<br />
Clemens<br />
Chesterfield<br />
Twp<br />
Harrison<br />
Twp<br />
New<br />
Baltimore<br />
Milford Twp<br />
Commerce Twp<br />
Walled<br />
Wixom<br />
Lake<br />
Orchard<br />
Lake<br />
Village<br />
West<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Hills<br />
Birmingham<br />
Troy<br />
Clawson<br />
Sterling Heights<br />
Clinton Twp<br />
Fraser<br />
Lyon<br />
Lyon Twp<br />
Novi<br />
Novi Twp<br />
Farmington Hills<br />
Farmington<br />
Southfield Twp<br />
Lathrup<br />
Village<br />
Southfield<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Twp<br />
Madison<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Heights<br />
Berkley<br />
Pleasant<br />
Ridge<br />
Huntington<br />
Woods<br />
Oak Park<br />
Hazel<br />
Park<br />
Ferndale<br />
Warren<br />
Center<br />
Line<br />
Roseville<br />
Eastpointe<br />
St. Clair<br />
Shores<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Shores<br />
Northville<br />
Northville Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Livonia<br />
Wayne<br />
Redford<br />
Twp<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Harper<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Park<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Farms<br />
Lake<br />
St. Clair<br />
Westland<br />
Garden<br />
City<br />
Dearborn<br />
Heights<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> River<br />
Canton Twp.<br />
Inkster<br />
Dearborn<br />
Van Buren Twp<br />
Wayne<br />
Romulus<br />
Taylor<br />
Melvindale<br />
River<br />
Rouge<br />
Allen Park<br />
Ecorse<br />
Lincoln Park<br />
Wyandotte<br />
Canada<br />
Percent Black,<br />
Non-Hispanic<br />
C a n a d a<br />
Belleville<br />
Sumpter Twp<br />
Huron Twp<br />
Southgate<br />
Riverview<br />
Woodhaven Trenton<br />
Flat Rock<br />
Gibraltar<br />
Grosse Ile<br />
Twp<br />
No Population<br />
80% to 100%<br />
60% to 79.9%<br />
40% to 59.9%<br />
20% to 39.9%<br />
0% to 19.9%<br />
Brownstown Twp<br />
Rockwood<br />
Source: US Census Bureau<br />
Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies<br />
Lake<br />
Erie
New Immigrants Had a Large Impact on<br />
Southeast Michigan in the 1990s<br />
Arrived in<br />
1980s<br />
Arrived in<br />
1990s<br />
% of Total<br />
Foreign Born<br />
Livingston<br />
333<br />
1,535<br />
33<br />
Macomb<br />
7,119<br />
23,760<br />
34<br />
Monroe<br />
329<br />
940<br />
34<br />
Oakland<br />
20,364<br />
53,009<br />
45<br />
St. Clair<br />
411<br />
1,245<br />
28<br />
Washtenaw<br />
10,101<br />
18,914<br />
57<br />
Wayne<br />
27,177<br />
66,105<br />
48
Top Countries of Origin for Immigrants Coming to<br />
Metropolitan <strong>Detroit</strong>, 2003 - 2008<br />
12,000<br />
10,000<br />
8,000<br />
6,000<br />
10,485<br />
4,000<br />
7,531<br />
2,000<br />
4,902<br />
4,172<br />
4,064<br />
3,447<br />
3,259<br />
2,839<br />
2,779<br />
2,375<br />
2,090<br />
1,741<br />
0<br />
Source: US Dept. Of Homeland Security / Immigration
South<br />
Asian Population by 2000 Census Tract<br />
Metropolitan <strong>Detroit</strong> Area<br />
Memphis<br />
Holly Twp<br />
Groveland Twp<br />
Brandon Twp<br />
Oxford Twp<br />
Addison Twp<br />
Bruce Twp<br />
Armada Twp<br />
Richmond Twp<br />
Richmond<br />
Washington Twp<br />
Ray Twp<br />
Rose Twp<br />
Springfield Twp<br />
Independence Twp<br />
Clarkston<br />
Orion Twp<br />
Oakland Twp<br />
Lenox Twp<br />
Highland Twp<br />
White Lake Twp<br />
Oakland<br />
Waterford Twp<br />
Keego<br />
Harbor<br />
Lake<br />
Angelus<br />
Sylvan<br />
Lake<br />
Pontiac<br />
Auburn Hills<br />
Rochester<br />
Rochester Hills<br />
Shelby Twp<br />
Macomb Twp<br />
Macomb<br />
Utica<br />
Mount<br />
Clemens<br />
Chesterfield<br />
Twp<br />
Harrison<br />
Twp<br />
New<br />
Baltimore<br />
Milford Twp<br />
Commerce Twp<br />
Walled<br />
Wixom<br />
Lake<br />
Orchard<br />
Lake<br />
Village<br />
West<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Hills<br />
Birmingham<br />
Troy<br />
Clawson<br />
Sterling Heights<br />
Clinton Twp<br />
Fraser<br />
Lyon<br />
Lyon Twp<br />
Novi<br />
Novi Twp<br />
Farmington Hills<br />
Farmington<br />
Southfield Twp<br />
Lathrup<br />
Village<br />
Southfield<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Twp<br />
Madison<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Heights<br />
Berkley<br />
Pleasant<br />
Ridge<br />
Huntington<br />
Woods<br />
Oak Park<br />
Hazel<br />
Park<br />
Ferndale<br />
Warren<br />
Center<br />
Line<br />
Roseville<br />
Eastpointe<br />
St. Clair<br />
Shores<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Shores<br />
Northville<br />
Northville Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Livonia<br />
Wayne<br />
Redford<br />
Twp<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Harper<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Park<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Farms<br />
Lake<br />
St. Clair<br />
Westland<br />
Garden<br />
City<br />
Dearborn<br />
Heights<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> River<br />
Canton Twp.<br />
Inkster<br />
Dearborn<br />
Van Buren Twp<br />
Belleville<br />
Sumpter Twp<br />
Wayne<br />
Romulus<br />
Huron Twp<br />
Taylor<br />
Melvindale<br />
River<br />
Rouge<br />
Allen Park<br />
Ecorse<br />
Lincoln Park<br />
Wyandotte<br />
Southgate<br />
Riverview<br />
Woodhaven Trenton Grosse Ile<br />
Twp<br />
Flat Rock<br />
Gibraltar<br />
Canada<br />
Percent Asian,<br />
Non-Hispanic<br />
C a n a d a<br />
No Population<br />
24% to 31%<br />
18% to 23.9%<br />
12% to 17.9%<br />
6% to 11.9%<br />
0% to 5.9%<br />
Brownstown Twp<br />
Rockwood<br />
Source: US Census Bureau<br />
Lake<br />
Erie<br />
Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies
South<br />
Hispanic Population by 2000 Census Tract<br />
Metropolitan <strong>Detroit</strong> Area<br />
Memphis<br />
Holly Twp<br />
Groveland Twp<br />
Brandon Twp<br />
Oxford Twp<br />
Addison Twp<br />
Bruce Twp<br />
Armada Twp<br />
Richmond Twp<br />
Richmond<br />
Washington Twp<br />
Ray Twp<br />
Rose Twp<br />
Springfield Twp<br />
Independence Twp<br />
Clarkston<br />
Orion Twp<br />
Oakland Twp<br />
Lenox Twp<br />
Highland Twp<br />
White Lake Twp<br />
Oakland<br />
Waterford Twp<br />
Keego<br />
Harbor<br />
Lake<br />
Angelus<br />
Sylvan<br />
Lake<br />
Pontiac<br />
Auburn Hills<br />
Rochester<br />
Rochester Hills<br />
Shelby Twp<br />
Macomb Twp<br />
Macomb<br />
Utica<br />
Mount<br />
Clemens<br />
Chesterfield<br />
Twp<br />
Harrison<br />
Twp<br />
New<br />
Baltimore<br />
Milford Twp<br />
Commerce Twp<br />
Walled<br />
Wixom<br />
Lake<br />
Orchard<br />
Lake<br />
Village<br />
West<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Twp<br />
Bloomfield<br />
Hills<br />
Birmingham<br />
Troy<br />
Clawson<br />
Sterling Heights<br />
Clinton Twp<br />
Fraser<br />
Lyon<br />
Lyon Twp<br />
Novi<br />
Novi Twp<br />
Farmington Hills<br />
Farmington<br />
Southfield Twp<br />
Lathrup<br />
Village<br />
Southfield<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Twp<br />
Madison<br />
Royal Oak<br />
Heights<br />
Berkley<br />
Pleasant<br />
Ridge<br />
Huntington<br />
Woods<br />
Oak Park<br />
Hazel<br />
Park<br />
Ferndale<br />
Warren<br />
Center<br />
Line<br />
Roseville<br />
Eastpointe<br />
St. Clair<br />
Shores<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Shores<br />
Northville<br />
Northville Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Twp<br />
Plymouth<br />
Livonia<br />
Wayne<br />
Redford<br />
Twp<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
Highland<br />
Park<br />
Hamtramck<br />
Harper<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Park<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Woods<br />
Grosse<br />
Pointe<br />
Farms<br />
Lake<br />
St. Clair<br />
Westland<br />
Garden<br />
City<br />
Dearborn<br />
Heights<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> River<br />
Canton Twp.<br />
Inkster<br />
Dearborn<br />
Van Buren Twp<br />
Belleville<br />
Sumpter Twp<br />
Wayne<br />
Romulus<br />
Huron Twp<br />
Taylor<br />
Melvindale<br />
River<br />
Rouge<br />
Allen Park<br />
Ecorse<br />
Lincoln Park<br />
Wyandotte<br />
Southgate<br />
Riverview<br />
Woodhaven Trenton Grosse Ile<br />
Twp<br />
Canada<br />
Percent Hispanic<br />
C a n a d a<br />
No Population<br />
9% to 77%<br />
6% to 8.9%<br />
3% to 5.9%<br />
0% to 2.9%<br />
Flat Rock<br />
Gibraltar<br />
Source: US Census Bureau<br />
Rockwood<br />
Brownstown Twp<br />
Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies<br />
Lake<br />
Erie
Persons of Arab Ancestry<br />
Tri-County <strong>Detroit</strong> Area<br />
Oakland<br />
Macomb<br />
Wayne<br />
Total Persons<br />
2,500 to 4,905<br />
500 to 2,499<br />
100 to 499<br />
50 to 99<br />
1 to 49<br />
0<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000<br />
Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies
Persons of Assyrian, Chaldean or<br />
Syriac Ancestry<br />
Tri-County <strong>Detroit</strong> Area<br />
Oakland<br />
Macomb<br />
Wayne<br />
Total Persons<br />
500 to 934<br />
250 to 499<br />
100 to 249<br />
50 to 99<br />
1 to 49<br />
0<br />
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000<br />
Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies
2004 Jewish Federation Membership<br />
by Census Tract<br />
Southeast Michigan<br />
ssee<br />
Genesee<br />
Lapeer<br />
Oakland<br />
St. Clair<br />
Macomb<br />
ingston<br />
ashtenaw<br />
Wayne<br />
Members per Tract<br />
1,050<br />
500 to 750<br />
10 to 499<br />
1 to 9<br />
No Members<br />
Source: Jewish Federation<br />
© WSU/CUS/Michigan Metropolitan Information Center/ djt November 2004
The Growth and Movement of Persons of Color Has<br />
Increased Across the Region Since 2000<br />
200%<br />
150%<br />
194.8%<br />
Macomb<br />
Oakland<br />
Wayne<br />
100%<br />
50%<br />
0%<br />
46.1%<br />
39.3% 40.0%<br />
31.6%<br />
30.5%<br />
23.9%<br />
27.6%<br />
28.6%<br />
13.5%<br />
13.2%<br />
4.4%<br />
-8.9%<br />
-1.7%-10.9%<br />
African American Native American Asian Multi-Race Hispanic<br />
-50%<br />
Source: Census Bureau – Population Estimates Program -<br />
2008
Public School Enrollment in Oakland County Schools Has Become<br />
Increasingly Populated by Children of Color<br />
1991-92 2006-07 2008-09<br />
Total Students 168,110 201,421 198,944<br />
White 142,573 84.8% 139,190 69.1% 133,835 67.3%<br />
African American 17,216 10.2% 41,951 20.8% 43,910 22.1%<br />
Asian / PI 4,659 2.8% 11,734 5.8% 12,746 6.4%<br />
Hispanic/Latino 2,494 1.5% 5,762 2.9% 6,410 3.2%<br />
Native American 1,168 0.7% 1,166 0.6% 735 0.4%<br />
Mixed Race n.a. n.a. 1,618 0.8% 1,308 0.7%<br />
Source: Michigan Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI)
School Districts in the Southern End of the County Have<br />
Experienced Rapid Racial/Ethnic Change This Decade<br />
Source: MI CEPI
The Economic Downturn Has Led to Large Increases<br />
in Persons Receiving Food Assistance<br />
450,000<br />
Macomb Oakland Wayne<br />
412,418<br />
400,000<br />
370,803 368,400<br />
389,667<br />
350,000<br />
State of Michigan<br />
2001 – 676,590<br />
2008 – 1,450,554<br />
300,000<br />
250,000<br />
238,460<br />
200,000<br />
150,000<br />
100,000<br />
50,000<br />
23,916<br />
33,730<br />
66,887<br />
62,348<br />
59,380 64,675<br />
71,553<br />
72,750<br />
85,972<br />
87,077<br />
0<br />
Sept. 2001 Sept. 2006 Sept. 2007 Sept. 2008 Apr-09<br />
Source: MI Dept. of Human Services
Income*<br />
2000, 2009<br />
2000* 2009 Change %Change<br />
Median Household Income<br />
City of <strong>Detroit</strong> 38,089 26,098 -11,991 -31.3%<br />
Southeast Michigan 63,303 48,535 -14,768 -23.3%<br />
Macomb County 67,070 50,553 -16,517 -24.6%<br />
Oakland County 79,692 62,308 -17,384 -21.8%<br />
Wayne County 52,491 38,192 -14,299 -27.2%<br />
Michigan 57,499 45,255 -12,244 -21.3%<br />
United States 54,058 50,221 -3,837 -7.1%<br />
* Note: All 2000 monetary values are adjusted to 2009 dollars using U.S. Consumer Price<br />
Research Series Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U-RS) from 1999 to 2009.<br />
Source: U.S. Department of Labor
What Should Community Leaders Emphasize Over<br />
Next Three Years?<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
10% 8%<br />
20% 21%<br />
17%<br />
24%<br />
9%<br />
25%<br />
30%<br />
45%<br />
70%<br />
29%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
26%<br />
25%<br />
40%<br />
32%<br />
38%<br />
Poor<br />
Below Average<br />
Neutral<br />
40%<br />
26%<br />
35%<br />
Good<br />
Excellent<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
35% 37%<br />
23%<br />
29%<br />
22%<br />
20%<br />
14%<br />
8%<br />
8% 6%<br />
12%<br />
10%<br />
2% 5%<br />
5%<br />
2% 1%<br />
The region as<br />
a place to raise<br />
children<br />
The region as<br />
a place to live<br />
The region as<br />
a place to w ork<br />
The overall<br />
image of the<br />
region<br />
The overall<br />
quality of life in<br />
the region<br />
How well the<br />
region is<br />
planning for<br />
the future<br />
How well the<br />
region works<br />
together
How serious a problem do you think racial discrimination is<br />
in each of the following places?<br />
45%<br />
Not at all serious<br />
Not very serious<br />
40%<br />
35%<br />
30%<br />
38.8%<br />
30.5%<br />
32.7%<br />
36.9%<br />
Somewhat serious<br />
Extremely serious<br />
Very serious<br />
28.2%<br />
27.0%<br />
25%<br />
20%<br />
17.8%<br />
18.8%<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
13.4%<br />
12.9%<br />
8.8%<br />
11.0%<br />
14.9%<br />
5%<br />
4.4% 3.8%<br />
0%<br />
Where you live<br />
At your place of employment or<br />
school<br />
In access to health care<br />
Source: UWSEM/New <strong>Detroit</strong> Survey - 2007 11
How serious a problem do you think racial discrimination is<br />
in each of the following places?<br />
40%<br />
Not at all serious<br />
Somewhat serious<br />
Not very serious<br />
Very serious<br />
35%<br />
32.1%<br />
Extremely serious<br />
32.3%<br />
33.9%<br />
30%<br />
29.1%<br />
25%<br />
20%<br />
26.5%<br />
22.2%<br />
20.6%<br />
19.1%<br />
25.7%<br />
15%<br />
13.2%<br />
11.9%<br />
13.0%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
6.0% 6.0%<br />
8.3%<br />
0%<br />
In dealings with local police In the criminal justice system In access to quality education<br />
Source: UWSEM/New <strong>Detroit</strong> Survey - 2007 12
What do you think are people of color's chances of...<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
70.3%<br />
68.2%<br />
59.7%<br />
Not as good a chance as whites<br />
About the same chance as whites<br />
A better chance than whites<br />
62.5%<br />
58.5%<br />
50%<br />
47.8%<br />
40%<br />
37.0%<br />
35.3%<br />
30%<br />
27.2%<br />
24.8%<br />
26.8% 26.8%<br />
25.4%<br />
20%<br />
14.7%<br />
10%<br />
2.5%<br />
7.0%<br />
3.3%<br />
2.2%<br />
0%<br />
Attending a good<br />
public school<br />
Getting a college<br />
education<br />
Getting housing<br />
they can afford<br />
Getting quality<br />
health care<br />
Being<br />
inappropriately<br />
stopped by a<br />
police officer<br />
Being<br />
inappropriately<br />
imprisoned<br />
Source: UWSEM/New <strong>Detroit</strong> Survey - 2007 16
The Cumulative Impacts of Spatial, Racial and<br />
Opportunity Segregation<br />
Segregation impacts a number of life-opportunities<br />
Impacts on Health<br />
School Segregation<br />
Impacts on Educational Achievement<br />
Exposure to crime; arrest<br />
Transportation limitations and other<br />
inequitable public services<br />
Neighborhood<br />
Segregation<br />
Job segregation<br />
Racial stigma, other<br />
psychological impacts<br />
Impacts on community power and<br />
individual assets<br />
Adapted from figure by Barbara Reskin at: http://faculty.washington.edu/reskin/
The Outcome of Structural Racialization & Segregation<br />
Is a Highly Uneven Geography of Opportunity…<br />
…Some people ride the<br />
“Up” escalator to reach<br />
opportunity<br />
…Others have to run up<br />
the “Down” escalator to<br />
get there
Contemporary Challenges:<br />
Sprawl and Fragmentation Magnify Racial Inequity<br />
Two factors are instrumental in magnifying racial inequity:<br />
Sprawl<br />
– Haphazard Greenfield<br />
development not<br />
prompted by population<br />
or job growth<br />
Fragmentation and Localism<br />
• Accelerate the flow of resources to<br />
the urban periphery<br />
• Communities compete over commercial<br />
investment and high income population<br />
(the favored quarter)<br />
– A “resource magnet”<br />
pulling opportunity away<br />
from existing urban<br />
communities<br />
• Allow communities to sort what<br />
people and business they wish to<br />
attract (increase economic and<br />
social isolation)<br />
• Allow communities to hoard<br />
opportunity
Regional Equity<br />
Opportunity Mapping<br />
• High opportunity<br />
exclusive to suburban<br />
areas of greater <strong>Detroit</strong><br />
• Limited access to<br />
opportunity in inner-city<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong><br />
• 90% of regional African<br />
Americans live in an area<br />
of low-opportunityopportunity
Racial Disparity and Opportunity
How Inequities Challenge the Entire Region<br />
• Wasted creative<br />
capacity<br />
• Fragmentation<br />
• Inequitable educational<br />
opportunities and<br />
concentrated poverty<br />
decrease competitive<br />
advantage of entire region;<br />
region’s unskilled labor<br />
becomes impediment to<br />
attracting/retaining new<br />
business<br />
• Instead of competing with<br />
other regions to attract<br />
global investment,<br />
fragmentation creates interregional<br />
competition, a<br />
zero-sum game
How Inequities Challenge the Entire Region<br />
Paying for Exclusion<br />
Residential segregation<br />
artificially increases the cost<br />
of housing, creating housing<br />
cost burdens for middle<br />
class families<br />
Inefficiencies<br />
Fragmented regions<br />
produce redundancies in<br />
infrastructure and service<br />
delivery, the cost is born by<br />
region’s taxpayers. And,<br />
wasted infrastructure<br />
capacity from depopulated<br />
centers.
Principles for Equitable Regionalism<br />
The success of equitable regionalism for <strong>Detroit</strong> rests<br />
on the following principles:<br />
▫ Create and grow communities of opportunity for the entire<br />
<strong>Detroit</strong> region<br />
▫ Work to reduce the destructive, inefficient competition<br />
among communities in the region<br />
▫ Cooperatively manage the region’s sprawling development<br />
so as not to subsidize dysfunctional growth patterns.<br />
▫ Improve the educational outlook for all of the region’s<br />
children
Housing is an opportunity anchor and<br />
key leverage point<br />
Health<br />
Childcare<br />
Employment<br />
Effective<br />
Participation<br />
Housing<br />
Transportation<br />
Education
Opportunity Based Housing as an Equity-Based<br />
Regional Policy<br />
Opportunity based housing is more than just a “Fair Share”<br />
model of Affordable Housing.<br />
– Affordable housing must be deliberately and intelligently connected<br />
to high performing schools, sustainable employment, necessary<br />
transportation infrastructure, childcare, and institutions that<br />
facilitate civic and political activity.<br />
– Housing is a component of a larger set of interrelated structures<br />
that are both affected by housing and have impacts for the<br />
attainment of safe, stable housing.
Racial and Ethnic Trends in<br />
Southeast Michigan<br />
presentation to<br />
Wayne State University<br />
Law School<br />
Kurt Metzger<br />
Director<br />
<strong>Data</strong> <strong>Driven</strong> <strong>Detroit</strong> (D3)<br />
March 24, 2011