Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 78 In some places, market factors have eroded social capital. In lowland communes the use of services and mechanization has reduced the practice of labour exchange. Well-off households who have more land tend to hire labour and mechanization services. In places where people work away from home, the effective operation of local groups is a major challenge. The attendance of weddings, death anniversaries, grand birthdays, and regular birthdays now requires “gift money”, a heavy burden for poor households. Land acreage and quality is an important poverty dimension. Population growth and changing land use is putting pressure on available land in mountainous ethnic minority areas. New households, or households that lack labour tend to own the poorest quality land as fertile land and land close to water sources are already occupied. In lowland areas the re-division of land in the early 1990s means land remains evenly distributed. However, those born since the 1990s, or women from outside the province newly married to local men do not have access to productive land. Programme 30a aims to grant the poor access to productive and forest land. However, its impact has been limited as there is little available fertile land that can be reclaimed, a lack of funding for granting of land use right certificates and for documenting contracted land and protected forest. Natural resources, important to ethnic minorities, are increasingly scarce. Ethnic minorities in remote areas rely on natural resources such as rattan, bamboo, bamboo shoots, leaves, forest vegetables, fish, and wild animals for domestic consumption and sale. Shrinking forests and increased forest protection means hunting and gathering are increasingly restricted. Concessional credit policies have improved access to capital. In 2009 the average loan was 12 million VND. In 2011 it was 15 million VND (Table 2.15). TABLE 2.15. Bank loans and purchase on credit, 2009-2011 Commune Percent of HHs having outstanding bank loans (%) Average bank loans (million VND) Percent of HHs purchasing on credit from shops/agents (%) 2009 2011 2009 2011 2009 2011 Thuan Hoa 56 43 8 11 13 8 Ban Lien 68 63 9 13 12 22 Thanh Xuong 52 35 9 17 43 20 Luong Minh 80 90 8 10 42 58 Duc Huong 73 71 20 29 60 56 Xy 35 35 12 8 48 45 Cu Hue 43 41 18 18 55 62 Phuoc Dai 50 52 12 13 42 49 Phuoc Thanh 58 55 12 13 65 68 Thuan Hoa 63 68 10 13 37 50 Average 58 55 12 15 42 44 SOURCE: Household interviews
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 2: Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam Some households do not have bank loans. Some do not need them. Others worry they will struggle to repay both principal and interest. Some “chronically” poor households are unable to persuade possible guarantors - leaders of mass organizations and heads of saving and credit groups - that they will be able to repay their debts. 79 Borrowers take out loans for different reasons. In mountainous ethnic minority communes, some people use loans for daily expenses. In delta areas such as Duc Huong-Ha Tinh many people use loans to fund children’s education. At present, there are many overlapping credit policies that limit the repayment rates. Often borrowers take out new loans to repay old ones, or take informal high interest loans to repay bank loans. Many then immediately take new bank loans to repay informal loans. Local residents at the monitoring points can borrow small amounts from micro credit funds such as funds of mass organizations, village funds, and revolving funds funded by donor projects. People also often buy daily necessities and goods from shops on credit or borrow money to pay tuition fees, and repay debts following harvest.
Page 3:
PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
Page 7:
PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
Page 10 and 11:
ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
Page 12 and 13:
12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The last five
Page 14 and 15:
14 and improve monitoring and evalu
Page 16 and 17:
16 TABLE 1. The monitoring points C
Page 18 and 19:
18 transparency, and accountability
Page 20 and 21:
20 TABLE 2. Characteristics of the
Page 23:
Part 1 Poverty Trends and Key Theme
Page 26 and 27:
Participatory poverty monitoring in
Page 28 and 29: Participatory poverty monitoring in
Page 61: Part 2 Challenges to Rural Poverty
Page 123: Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
Page 128:
Participatory poverty monitoring in
show all

Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?