Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 70 loans from the Social Policy Bank) under the National Target Programme on Rural Safe Water and Sanitation, linked with the Programme on building new rural areas 21 . Many residents do not understand the importance of sanitation. As a result improving environmental sanitation in rural areas is an urgent issue, involves behaviour change and requires the participation of commune health stations and the primary healthcare network. The support programme for the construction of latrines should be revised to focus on empowering residents and training village masons to build latrines which meet standards at low cost. It should also increase funding for communication and training and specifically target women and children, the key beneficiaries. TABLE 2.6. Shortages in living conditions, 2007-2011 Commune Non-use of electricity (%) Use of unsafe water (%) No latrines or temporary latrines (%) 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 Thuan Hoa 15 10 46 40 100 92 Ban Lien 43 2 54 39 98 98 Thanh Xuong 0 0 89 65 72 70 Luong Minh 41 29 5 27 100 100 Duc Huong 0 0 71 53 53 53 Xy 7 2 26 28 100 96 Cu Hue 6 0 96 89 76 69 Phuoc Dai 11 2 51 22 87 89 Phuoc Thanh 20 6 85 63 100 94 Thuan Hoa 5 0 3 0 82 62 Average 15 5 52 42 87 83 SOURCE: Household interviews The percentage of households using unsafe water for drinking and cooking remains relatively high. At some monitoring points, a high proportion of surveyed households use water from ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, canals and mountain creeks for drinking and cooking (Table 2.6). There have been substantial investments in centralized tap water facilities. However, mountainous topography, adverse weather conditions and poor maintenance and management mean many people still do not have access to safe water. In many mountainous ethnic communities, the quality of water is poor, due to the fact that people living upstream pollute the water supply with solid waste and cattle dung. The policy promoting the “Participatory Irrigation Management” (PIM) model has so far been ineffective at the monitoring points. Many households now have access to electricity at most monitoring points. More households are now connected to the national grid and no longer rely on small hydroelectric generators as in the past, especially in Ban Lien-Lao Cai. Many residents have bought TV sets, pumping machines, and tea drying and crushing machines. Access to electricity and lighting has also facilitated children’s study, village meetings and other 21 Under Decision 800/QĐ-TTg dated June 4, 2010 approving the National Target Programme on building new rural areas 2010 - 2020, the goal “supply enough safe water to residents, schools, health stations, offices and public service areas” is numbered 17 in the national new rural criteria.
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 2: Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam business activities. Education 71 More children are going to school at most monitoring points. However, the percentage of children aged 6 to 15 who do not go to school remains high in some mountainous ethnic minority communes with specific difficulties such as Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Phuoc Dai and Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan. See Section 6 “Improvement of access to education service”. Difficulties with the Vietnamese language remains a problem for some adults. Illiteracy limits access to useful information and knowledge of science and technology. In mountainous ethnic minority communes women are more likely to be illiterate than men, limiting their ability to participate in the family and wider society (Table 2.7). TABLE 2.7. Vietnamese language skills of the respondents, 2011 (%) Commune Speaking and Reading Writing listening Males Females Males Females Males Females Thuan Hoa 100 100 88 74 83 26 Ban Lien 100 91 77 55 74 45 Thanh Xuong 95 100 95 85 100 85 Luong Minh 100 90 69 65 67 65 Duc Huong 100 100 100 100 100 100 Xy 70 54 55 38 77 23 Cu Hue 100 100 96 81 96 78 Phuoc Dai 100 100 72 60 76 60 Phuoc Thanh 97 100 51 32 54 32 Thuan Hoa 100 100 76 73 76 64 Average 95 96 75 71 78 64 SOURCE: Household interviews Health Healthcare has improved in the last five years. There were fewer reported epidemics and diseases. The incidence of Malaria, in particular, has fallen in many mountainous communes. In most surveyed sites, there are medical doctors at commune health stations. Since 2009 in specially disadvantaged communes such as Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Luong Minh-Nghe An, Phuoc Dai and Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan, since 2009 medical doctors have been dispatched under the Ministry of Health’s Project 1816. The Village Healthcare Network and population collaborators now cover all villages and in some places there are even nutrition advisors. An increasing proportion of women give birth in commune health stations and have gynaecological and pre-natal check-ups. Many people in ethnic minority areas, who traditionally made ceremonial offerings in order to treat disease now use local health facilities. Table 2.8 shows the percentage of households with members hospitalized in 2011 was lower than in 2007. Fewer respondents find healthcare services “unsatisfactory”, mainly because ethnic minorities in difficult circumstances receive free medical insurance cards. Primary healthcare at grassroots level has also been improved.
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PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
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PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The last five
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14 and improve monitoring and evalu
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16 TABLE 1. The monitoring points C
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18 transparency, and accountability
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Participatory poverty monitoring in
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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