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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 68 TABLE 2.3. Head count index (H) by dimensions (k), 2011 Head count k=1 k=2 k=3 k=4 k=5 k=6 k=7 K=8 k=9 k=10 index (H) General index 0.99 0.93 0.72 0.45 0.25 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 Of which: Kinh 1.00 0.79 0.45 0.18 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kh’mer, Tay, Thai, Ede, Nung 0.99 0.96 0.73 0.41 0.24 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 Van Kieu, Raglai, Kh’Mu, H’Mong 1.00 0.98 0.86 0.64 0.37 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 SOURCE: Household interviews Income Income poverty has fallen, but remains uneven. Table 2.4 shows that in communes with cash-commodity production and diverse income sources (Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Cu Hue-Dak Lak, Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh, Xy-Quang Tri and Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang) poverty declined 4-5% a year on average. In some ethnic minority communes and remote and disaster-prone areas, the poverty rate declined at 2% a year. After the Government raised the poverty line in 2010 the percentage of poor households in most surveyed sites increased to over 70% in remote mountainous ethnic minority communes (Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Luong Minh-Nghe An, Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan and Xy- Quang Tri). In 2011 the percentage of poor households according to the new poverty line declined. TABLE 2.4. Proportion of poor households in 2005 - 2011 at monitoring points (%) Commune Main ethnic groups According to old poverty line According to new poverty line 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Thuan Hoa Tay, H’Mong 78.7 69.5 58.3 42.8 35.0 62.0 56.4 Ban Lien Tay, H’Mong 65.9 61.0 60.7 59.9 54.5 82.7 63.0 Thanh Xuong Kinh, Thai 33.9 22.8 14.7 11.2 8.2 11.7 7.5 Luong Minh Thai, Kh’Mu 77.4 74.7 72.5 78.7 83.6 94.0 85.3 Duc Huong Kinh 39.6 39.6 31.6 40.6 28.4 52.5 43.3 Xy Van Kieu 81.5 71.1 54.0 49.8 42.2 73.5 72.1 Cu Hue Ede, Kinh 28.1 24.7 16.8 11.9 8.7 15.4 11.4 Phuoc Dai Raglai 68.8 51.7 44.2 58.4 58.2 64.2 57.8 Phuoc Thanh Raglai 74.3 69.2 58.1 56.5 52.8 77.2 70.9 Thuan Hoa Kh’mer, Kinh 41.1 32.7 37.2 33.9 28.5 32.7 26.7 SOURCE: Statistics of annual review of poor households provided by communes
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 2: Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam Possession of family assets Shortages in basic family assets fell strongly. Table 2.5 shows that the percentage of households living in non-solid and temporary houses 20 , with no motorbikes or cattle fell in the last five years. The quality of housing for poor households in mountainous areas improved, benefitting from the Temporary Housing Elimination Programmes under Decision 134, and 167. Concessional loans from the Social Policy Bank are used by poor households in mountainous ethnic minority areas to buy cattle. In some lowland areas (Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Cu Hue-Dak Lak, and Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh) where mechanized services are popular, the percentage of households with no cattle is high, although in these areas not owning cattle does not reflect poverty. People tended to buy motorbikes following improvements in local roads. However, in general, the assets of poor households tend to be of low quality. 69 TABLE 2.5. Shortage of assets of households, 2007-2011 Commune Temporary houses(%) No cattle (%) No motorbikes(%) 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 Thuan Hoa 24 10 5 8 64 20 Ban Lien 6 2 9 4 72 19 Thanh Xuong 17 0 81 69 28 13 Luong Minh 61 55 52 39 89 71 Duc Huong 8 0 10 14 55 31 Xy 67 28 42 35 63 26 Cu Hue 4 2 75 67 22 7 Phuoc Dai 16 0 11 7 53 47 Phuoc Thanh 24 0 31 20 87 43 Thuan Hoa 55 17 67 71 53 36 Average 29 12 39 34 59 31 SOURCE: Household interviews Some poor households built new houses and purchased assets they could not realistically afford. In many cases, poor households who received financial support to build houses under Decision 167 became over indebted. Living conditions Living conditions remain poor at most monitoring points. Many households lack latrines or own only temporary latrines. Few households use composting and or semi-composting latrines (Table 2.6). The Government issued a support policy to help households build latrines (VND 1 million /household concessional 20 According to the guideline of the household survey procedures introduced by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) review of poor households, “simple houses” are houses having three main structures (bamboo pillars, roof and walls) made of non-durable materials; “non-solid houses” are houses having only one of the three main structures made of durable materials.
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PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
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PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The last five
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14 and improve monitoring and evalu
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16 TABLE 1. The monitoring points C
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Page 23: Part 1 Poverty Trends and Key Theme
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Participatory poverty monitoring in
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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