Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 64 2. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY ANALYSIS Multi-dimensional poverty is not only related to income or expenditure. Multi-dimensional analysis will help policy makers identify target groups and develop policies relevant to them. 2.1. Multi-dimensional poverty measurements in the world and in Viet Nam Multi-dimensional poverty measurements are being adopted worldwide. The UNDP Human Development Report 2010 used the “Multi-dimensional poverty Index” (MPI). The MPI is based on three dimensions of poverty: education, health and living standards, and includes ten sub-indicators associated with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 16 . The indicator of each dimension has the same weight, and each dimension is also attributed the same weight (Figure 2.1). As of 2011, the MPI has been used in 109 countries 17 . FIGURE 2.1. Indicators of the Multidimensional Poverty Index MPI In 2008, the General Statistics Office (GSO) calculated multidimensional children poverty indicators based on data from VHLSS 18 . In 2009, UNDP funded the Project “Support to in-depth urban poverty survey in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City” (UPS-2009). The Project applied a multi-dimensional poverty measurement approach using eight indicators: income, education, health, access to social security, housing quality and space, housing services, participation in social activities and social security 19 . 2.2. Multi-dimensional nature of rural poverty at monitoring points Multi-dimensional analysis of rural poverty is conducted at the monitoring points in the following way: 1. Examine multi-dimensional poverty indicators as perceived by local residents and cadres in ten surveyed communes. For each indicator, identify a “cut-off point”. Those under this point are regarded by local residents and officials as “poor” (Table 2.1). 2. Develop a table on poverty dimensions and poverty indicators for each dimension using data from the interview sample of 600 households in ten surveyed communes (Table 2.2). 3. Calculate data for each poverty dimension from 2007 to 2011. Poverty dimensions have the same weights. 16 UNDP, Human Development Report 2010 “Real Wealth of Nations: Road to Human Development “, second edition Nov. 2010. MPI Index was developed by OPHI and UNDP Human Development Report Agency based on Alkire and Foster approach (http://www.ophi.org.uk/research/multidimensional-poverty/). 17 http://www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-index/mpi-data-methodology/ 18 GSO, “Results of Household Living Standard Survey 2008”, Statistics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010 19 UNDP, “Urban Poverty Assessment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City”, 2010
TABLE 2.1. Multi-dimensional poverty indicators in communes as felt by local residents and grassroots officials Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh Xy-Quang Tri Cu Hue-Dak Lak Phuoc Dai, Phuoc Thanh- Ninh Thuan Luong Minh- Nghe An Duc Huong-Ha Tinh Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien Ban Lien-Lao Cai Groups of criteria Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang Land Land acreage Land acreage Land acreage Shortage of land Quality of land Quality of land Assets Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Housing, Housing Housing Housing Housing Housing Durable assets Durable assets Durable assets Durable assets Durable assets Durable assets Living conditions Living conditions Living conditions Living conditions Living conditions Living conditions Living conditions Education of household heads Education of household heads Education of household heads Education of household heads Education of household heads Education Education of household heads Education of children Education of children Education of children Education of children Education of children Health Health Health Health Health Health Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Awareness, ways of doing business Labour Labour Number of dependents Number of dependents Labour Number of dependents Application of improved techniques Application of improved techniques Application of improved techniques Application of improved techniques Application of improved techniques Application of improved techniques Intensive farming Application of improved techniques Hiring services, hire labour, using machines Hiring labour, using machines, tools Hiring services, hiring labour Farming practice Machinery, production tools Hiring labour, using machines, tools Investment in intensive farming Investment in intensive farming Investment in intensive farming Investment in intensive farming Food Investment in intensive farming Crop yield Crop yield Crop yield Occupations, income Diversified income, employment Occupations, income Income sources - wages Income sources - wages Livelihood/ Employment Buying and selling methods Access to markets Buying and selling methods Risks (sickness, epidemics, diseases) Risks Risk coping capacities Voices, selfconfidence Voices, selfconfidence Participation Voices, selfconfidence, participation Loans Efficient use of capital Efficient use of capital Efficient use of capital Capital Efficient use of capital SOURCE: Group discussions of cadres and residents, 2011 65
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PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
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PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The last five
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Participatory poverty monitoring in
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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