Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
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Participa<strong>to</strong>ry poverty moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> rural communities <strong>in</strong> <strong>Viet</strong> <strong>Nam</strong><br />
64<br />
2. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY ANALYSIS<br />
Multi-dimensional poverty is not only related <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>come or expenditure. Multi-dimensional<br />
analysis will help policy makers identify target groups and develop policies relevant <strong>to</strong><br />
them.<br />
2.1. Multi-dimensional poverty measurements <strong>in</strong> the world and <strong>in</strong> <strong>Viet</strong> <strong>Nam</strong><br />
Multi-dimensional poverty<br />
measurements are be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
adopted worldwide. The UNDP<br />
Human Development Report<br />
2010 used the “Multi-dimensional<br />
poverty Index” (MPI). The MPI is<br />
based on three dimensions of<br />
poverty: education, health and<br />
liv<strong>in</strong>g standards, and <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />
ten sub-<strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs associated<br />
with the Millennium Development<br />
Goals (MDGs) 16 . The <strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>r of<br />
each dimension has the same<br />
weight, and each dimension is<br />
also attributed the same weight<br />
(Figure 2.1). As of 2011, the MPI<br />
has been used <strong>in</strong> 109 countries 17 .<br />
FIGURE 2.1. Indica<strong>to</strong>rs of the Multidimensional<br />
<strong>Poverty</strong> Index MPI<br />
In 2008, the General Statistics<br />
Office (GSO) calculated multidimensional<br />
children poverty<br />
<strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs based on data from<br />
VHLSS 18 . In 2009, UNDP funded the Project “Support <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>-depth urban poverty survey<br />
<strong>in</strong> Hanoi and Ho Chi M<strong>in</strong>h City” (UPS-2009). The Project applied a multi-dimensional<br />
poverty measurement approach us<strong>in</strong>g eight <strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs: <strong>in</strong>come, education, health,<br />
access <strong>to</strong> social security, hous<strong>in</strong>g quality and space, hous<strong>in</strong>g services, participation <strong>in</strong><br />
social activities and social security 19 .<br />
2.2. Multi-dimensional nature of rural poverty at moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Multi-dimensional analysis of rural poverty is conducted at the moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong><br />
the follow<strong>in</strong>g way:<br />
1. Exam<strong>in</strong>e multi-dimensional poverty <strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs as perceived by local residents<br />
and cadres <strong>in</strong> ten surveyed communes. For each <strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>r, identify a “cut-off<br />
po<strong>in</strong>t”. Those under this po<strong>in</strong>t are regarded by local residents and officials as<br />
“poor” (Table 2.1).<br />
2. Develop a table on poverty dimensions and poverty <strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs for each<br />
dimension us<strong>in</strong>g data from the <strong>in</strong>terview sample of 600 households <strong>in</strong> ten<br />
surveyed communes (Table 2.2).<br />
3. Calculate data for each poverty dimension from 2007 <strong>to</strong> 2011. <strong>Poverty</strong><br />
dimensions have the same weights.<br />
16 UNDP, Human Development Report 2010 “Real Wealth of Nations: Road <strong>to</strong> Human Development “, second<br />
edition Nov. 2010. MPI Index was developed by OPHI and UNDP Human Development Report Agency based<br />
on Alkire and Foster approach (http://www.ophi.org.uk/research/multidimensional-poverty/).<br />
17 http://www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-<strong>in</strong>dex/mpi-data-methodology/<br />
18 GSO, “Results of Household Liv<strong>in</strong>g Standard Survey 2008”, Statistics Publish<strong>in</strong>g House, Hanoi, 2010<br />
19 UNDP, “Urban <strong>Poverty</strong> Assessment <strong>in</strong> Hanoi and Ho Chi M<strong>in</strong>h City”, 2010