Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 52 Organizational meetings/ activities Periodical, depending on each organization 3 2 2 3 4 The poor can easily exchange information in small groups Newspapers, magazines Provided free of charge 2 1 1 2 1 Many poor people are illiterate, not interested in small-typed information Leaflets, brochure distributed to households Very few, depending on each programme/ project 1 2 1 1 1 Beautifully printed information, can be kept (hung, posted at home) Many poor people are illiterate Announcements at commune centres, public places When there is new information 2 1 1 1 1 Not very attractive formats Many poor people are illiterate, very rarely go to commune headquarters Word of mouth Regular 2 2 3 2 2 Information is informal, often biased when passed on from one person to another Group meetings Periodical, extraordinary SOURCE: Men and women group discussions in surveyed sites, 2011 3 3 2 4 5 Small scale, easy to organize The poor feel confident to participate Village meetings are ranked highest for “more information”, “larger audiences”, “meets needs” and “two-way exchanges”. Information provided in village meetings is often related to general community issues, Government policies, and on-going programmes and projects in the village. Other information provided concerns agricultural extension, employment, labour export, laws and health issues. The percentage of household representatives attending village meetings is often between 50 and 60% and in some places 80-90%. In some villages (Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, and Luong Minh-Nghe An ) people who do not attend the village meetings are fined. In Ban Lien-Lao Cai, some Tay villages have even elected a “village liaison” officer to invite villagers to meetings. In ethnic minority villages, commune officials often take part in meetings to communicate and explain policies that affect the village. The village head can communicate in local languages, so it is easier for the poor and women to understand. Mass organizational and group meetings are a form of two-way information exchange. Mass organizational meetings are a chance to share information on organizational movements and family advantages and disadvantages. Group meetings are very effective in populated villages or isolated population clusters. The group leader, after receiving information from the village management, shares it with group members. Participants in group meetings often live in the same neighbourhoods and routinely interact with each other, so are very active in discussion and tend not to discriminate between wealthy and poor households. Many poor people feel confident to express their own views and opinions. Television is assessed as an information channel with large audiences. The proportion of households with a TV set is increasing. Ethnic minorities who cannot speak Vietnamese can watch VTV 5, the ethnic minority language channel of Viet Nam Television, or provincial TV channels broadcast in local languages. Information disseminated over TV is very diverse, however, it tends to be quite general and not always relevant to local people.
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction Loudspeakers are an information channel with large audiences and up to date information. At present, two thirds of the 20 surveyed villages have loudspeakers, and eight communes have loudspeaker systems. The advantage of loudspeakers is information can be regularly (daily or 2-3 times a week) delivered in ethnic minority languages. Typical announcements concern the seasonal calendar, prevention and control of natural disasters, pests and epidemics, and village and commune meetings. 53 Officials’ house-to-house visits can give information more rapidly, because information is transmitted directly from the messenger to the receiver, for example direct beneficiaries from programmes, policies or people with special circumstances who are unable to attend village meetings. However, this channel is small-scale. The printed word is not an effective source of information. Newspapers and magazines are still unfamiliar to people at the monitoring points. Those with access to newspapers and magazines are commune and village officials and a few wealthy households. Leaflets and brochures are rarely distributed to people. Many people from ethnic minority groups cannot read the Vietnamese language, and few go to commune centres to read published information. Participation in the implementation of policies, programmes, projects In half of the surveyed communes, ratio of people felt their increased participation in 2011 is bigger than the ratio of people having the same response in 2007. The two main reasons cited are: the “capacity of local officials is higher” and “information on policies is clearer and more specific” (Table 1.13). TABLE 1.13. Perception of households in the implementation of policies, programmes, projects in communes and villages over the past 12 months (%) Commune Better participation Reasons for “better participation” over the past 12 months, 2011 (%) 2007 2011 Enhanced capacity of local officials Clearer and more specific policy informa-tion Increased interests among villagers Commune and village levels becoming more active Supports and monitoring by province and district Villagers have more opportunities to voice their opinions Villagers have more opportunities to take part in training, discussions, and monitoring Thuan Hoa 42 18 18 46 91 0 55 64 0 Ban Lien 18 52 74 68 23 0 74 10 13 Thanh Xuong 45 40 71 33 54 42 13 50 38 Luong Minh 48 10 83 67 67 0 50 17 0 Duc Huong 60 52 57 57 40 37 50 33 3 Xy 7 48 86 66 31 59 48 28 7 Cu Hue 17 23 43 71 79 14 14 36 36 Phuoc Dai 15 13 63 75 13 38 50 25 25 Phuoc Thanh 15 17 40 100 30 10 30 60 10 Thuan Hoa 17 34 90 58 26 42 32 26 16 Average 28 31 67 61 41 29 43 32 15 SOURCE: Household interviews
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Page 7: PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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