Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 50 Capacity of Women’s Union cadres • Most commune Women’s Union chairwomen have intermediary and higher level qualifications • Most heads of Union branches finished 12 th grade • Most commune Women’s Union chairwomen have intermediary and higher level qualifications (both regular and on-thejob training) • Most heads of Union branches finished lower secondary school • Some Women’s Union chairwomen finished primary school. Others are studying complementary school, 12 th grade • Some heads of Union branches finished primary school, and some are still illiterate Participation of Union members • Active, self-motivated Establishes and launches own movements • Participate in commune Women’s Union activities, but not very active • Women are too busy to attend meetings 1.6. Participation and Empowerment Effective poverty reduction requires better participation and empowerment so that each impoverished individual, household, and community can take ownership of their development to make sure it suits their culture and identity. At monitoring points, visible improvements in participation were witnessed in the last five years, although challenges remain. Access to information People have better access to policies, programmes and projects at most monitoring points. Information is delivered through direct channels such as village meetings and mass organizational meetings and activities (mainly organised by the Women’s Union). Other sources of information include audio-visual media such as televisions, radios, and loudspeakers. The proportion of households with access to these channels has increased over the last five years. Paper-based sources such as newspapers, magazines, leaflets, brochures, announcements, and posters are less popular (Table 1.11). TABLE 1.11. Proportion of households having access to information, 2007 - 2011 (%) Commune TV Loudspeakers Newspapers, magazines Village meetings Officials’ visits Leaflets, brochure distribu-ted to HHs Meetings, activities of mass organizations Announcements, posters in village centres or public places 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 Thuan Hoa 46 80 22 52 10 52 93 100 70 35 16 2 7 41 42 77 Ban Lien 22 73 8 12 13 13 98 93 65 40 18 8 0 12 33 20 Thanh Xuong 47 85 37 52 18 40 88 98 53 82 17 23 3 32 10 7 Luong Minh 42 35 53 15 27 5 90 77 80 50 33 20 30 3 27 43 Duc Huong 50 83 53 72 16 5 84 98 - 95 16 20 3 22 24 64 Xy 45 57 3 7 13 15 95 100 75 57 10 53 2 25 25 18 Cu Hue 57 85 35 77 7 18 75 92 28 72 3 18 3 17 13 25 Phuoc Dai - 48 - 65 - 3 - 83 - 35 - 23 - 0 - 32 Phuoc Thanh - 30 - 65 - 8 - 88 - 38 - 37 - 5 - 43 Thuan Hoa 73 82 57 50 3 12 75 57 50 57 38 38 33 18 30 42 Average 48 66 34 46 13 17 87 89 53 56 19 24 10 17 25 37 SOURCE: Household interviews
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction Information Requirements 51 Information requirements depend strongly on people’s living standards and knowledge. People in lowland and Kinh dominated areas (Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Duc Huong-Ha Tinh, Cu Hue-Dak Lak, and Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh) are more interested in information on employment, agricultural extension, infrastructure policies, laws and local contributions and financial expenditures. Ethnic minorities (Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang, Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Luong Minh-Nghe An, Xy-Quang Tri, Phuoc Dai and Phuoc Thanh- Ninh Thuan) are more interested in direct support policies such as poverty reviews, concessional loans, assistance in housing construction and seed supplies. Participatory approaches in policies, programmes and projects facilitate the people’s information requirements. People, particularly those in mountainous ethnic minority areas, do not seek out information that is not vital to them, such as local socio-economic development plans, economic restructuring plans, and land use planning. However, participatory approaches tend to stimulate interest. For example, the application of participatory socio-economic development planning at the commune level (such as in Luong Minh-Nghe An, and Xy-Quang Tri) have enhanced people’s interests in general information on local socio-economic development. According to a commune cadre in Luong Minh-Nghe An, “After the Lunar New Year Festival in 2011, the commune conducted communication activities in outlying villages. Many villagers asked about the Policy 30a. They also wanted to know about funding for the construction of the commune headquarters and when the commune moves to another place… In the past, they only asked about what benefited them.” Perception of people on effectiveness of information channels In group discussions, participants discussed the effectiveness of existing information channels according to criteria (Table 1.12). TABLE 1.12. Effectiveness of each information channel Information channels Village meetings Frequencies Once every 1-2 months, extraordinary More information Ranking by criteria 11 Quick, timely Meets needs Large audiences Twoway exchanges Advantages, disadvantages 5 4 3 5 5 Uses local language for explanation The poor speak up less, and remember the content less TV Daily 3 4 3 2 1 Number of TV sets increased It’s easier to understand with images. Ethnic minority language TV channel General information, not specific Officials’ visits When it is urgent 3 1 4 4 4 Detailed, specific information Fewer households have access Loud-speakers Not regular 3 4 4 3 2 Number of villages having loudspeaker systems increased Low effectiveness 11. The rating scale for each criterion is 1-5: 5-Very good, 4-Rather good, 3-Average, 2-Poor, 1-Very poor.
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Page 7: PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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