Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 48 TABLE 1.9. Educational qualifications of women aged 18 to 40, 2007-2011 (%) Commune Never went to school Not having completed primary school (first level) Having completed primary school (first level) Having completed lower secondary school (second level) Having completed upper secondary school (third level) High school, college, university 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 2007 2011 Thuan Hoa 17 8 23 18 34 31 21 20 6 21 0 2 Ban Lien 35 35 34 22 20 24 9 17 2 2 0 0 Thanh Xuong 9 6 31 19 12 9 29 37 10 22 9 7 Luong Minh 14 23 59 28 16 26 2 15 7 6 2 2 Duc Huong 0 2 0 0 5 12 41 22 45 54 9 10 Xy 59 39 20 24 7 10 13 12 2 14 0 2 Cu Hue 13 11 25 21 34 25 15 21 9 16 4 7 Phuoc Dai 38 25 22 37 23 22 17 14 0 2 0 0 Phuoc Thanh 49 53 24 24 20 16 7 6 0 2 0 0 Thuan Hoa 4 8 42 36 27 24 18 24 7 6 2 2 Average 25 21 28 23 20 20 17 19 9 14 3 3 SOURCE: Household interviews Persistent gender stereotypes are an important explanation for low proportion of women in authority. At most monitoring points, people still think that it is hard for women to take part in social activities and that men are more effective in leadership positions. The Committee for the Advancement of Women is not effective. The Committee for the Advancement of Women is not operational in seven of the ten communes. In the remaining three communes, the Committee only runs term-end review meetings. Its activities are considered the responsibility of the commune Women’s Union, and are not incorporate in other sectors and branches of local government. Women in local government struggle to make themselves heard. Women deputies often lack the confidence to contribute to government meetings. The Chairperson of the Ban Lien commune Women’s Union, Lao Cai province, said she rarely spoke in the commune Party Executive Committee’s meetings: ‘‘At the meetings, sitting alone with the men, I feel shy. I never raise my hand to speak and never speak for fear of saying the wrong thing. I can do everything I am told, but not speak at meetings”. Women also lack respect because they are minorities in local agencies, and very rarely hold leadership positions. Only one commune (Phuoc Dai, Nghe an) had a woman as Vice Chair of the Commune People’s Committee, and one commune (Thuan Hoa -Tra Vinh) has a women as Chair of the Commune People’s Council and Vice Chair, and only one commune (Thuan Hoa - Tra Vinh) has a woman as member of the Commune Party Executive Committee as Vice Secretary. Activities of Women’s Union Activities of the Women’s Union have seen positive changes in the last five years. At most monitoring points, membership of the Women’s Union is increasing; Women’s
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction Union cadres at commune and village levels are younger and are better educated. The Women’s Union has launched many movements and activities attracting women’s participation. It plays the role of both encouraging and helping women in household economic development and mobilizing them to build happy families. 49 The impact and capacity of the Women’s Union varies (Table 1.10). The Women’s Union is strongest in Cu Hue-Dak Lak and Duc Huong-Ha Tinh. The Women’s Union chairwomen in these two communes are educated and active and often organize activities attracting women’s participation such as innovation competitions. The Women’s Union chairwomen are also very dynamic, coordinating with other agencies such as Education and Health. The heads of the village Women’s Union branches are also devoted to their work although they receive no allowances. Members of the Women’s Union branches are also very active in the Union’s activities. They understand that participation in such activities is beneficial to themselves and their family. Many women, who have time, organize volleyball teams or art troupes. The Women’s Union is average in Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang, Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh, and Phuoc Dai-Ninh Thuan. The capacity of commune and village Women’s Union cadres is good, but participation of women members of Union branches is low. As many women work away from home, are busy during harvesting, or with house chores, Women’s Union activities are not well attended. The Women’s Union is weak in remote areas such as Luong Minh-Nghe An, Xy-Quang Tri, Ban Lien-Lao Cai, and Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan. These communes have difficult economic conditions, the capacity of Women’s Union cadres is limited and local people do not have the time to participate in the activities of mass organizations. As villages are located far from the commune centre it is difficult for the Women’s Union to organize meetings or launch movements. TABLE 1.10. Synthesis of Commune Women’s Union’s activities in surveyed sites Strong Women’s Union Average Women’s Union Weak Women’s Union Commune Cu Hue-Dak Lak; Duc Huong-Ha Tinh Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang, Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh, Phuoc Dai-Ninh Thuan Luong Minh-Nghe An, Xy-Quang Tri, Ban Lien-Lao Cai, Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan Activities, movements • Women’s Union Branches organize periodical meetings once every quarter • Women’s Union coordinates with ActionAid Project in communication on gender equality, domestic violence prevention and running a household • Organizes activities on March 8 and October 20, with active participation of women • Established a credit fund for women, implement the movements “5 Nos 3 Cleans”, “Rice Saving Jar”... • Women’s Union Branches meet once every quarter • Women’s Union integrates activities in ActionAid project but has not yet achieved expected results • Most Women’s Union branches organize artistic, cultural and sport activities on March 8 th and October 20 • Some Women’s Union branches have not yet established credit funds • Some Women’s Union Branches do not organize meetings • Very few Women’s Union activities of (except ActionAid Project sites in Ban Lien-Lao Cai). No activities on March 8 or Oct. 20 • Most Women’s Union branches have not established credit funds. Some places raise fund through “common upland fields” in 2008- 2009 and then did not sustain it.
Page 3: PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
Page 7: PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
Page 10 and 11: ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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