Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 46 Community perceptions of domestic violence have changed. In 2007, people often thought that domestic violence was a family affair that should be resolved by families themselves. People now talk about domestic violence more openly, and display more sympathy for victims of domestic violence. In many places, women report acts of violence to the village head (Phuoc Dai, Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan, Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh, Thuan Hoa-Ha Giang, and Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien) or confide in other women during Women’s Union’s meetings. There are many reasons for reduced physical violence. The Women’s Union has played an important role communicating the importance of the prevention of domestic violence. Local governments have been increasingly involved in protecting victims of domestic violence. Phuoc Dai-Ninh Thuan, for example, established a 24-hour police “hot line” for villagers wishing to report cases of domestic violence. Improved living standards and women’s increased participation in business are also important factors. Community institutions have also contributed to reducing domestic violence. In Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh, the Women’s Union has incorporated communication on the Law on Gender Equality and the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control in the meetings of Sang Khum Association. In Duc Huong-Ha Tinh, communication on the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control was integrated in meetings of inter-family groups facilitated by community facilitators. In the inter-family groups, there are regulations on sanctions against acts of domestic violence. Happy Family Clubs (Duc Huong-Ha Tinh, Thuan Hoa- Ha Giang, and Cu Hue-Dak Lak) and information points (Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh) funded by ActionAid are effectively communicating the Law on Gender Equality and the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control. Mental violence is not visible. Training and communication activities have raised awareness of forms of mental violence among local cadres and residents. However, women are more reluctant to report their husbands for mental violence. As a result it is difficult to form a true impression of the incidence of mental violence at the monitoring points. Implementation of the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control is limited. In some places interviews revealed commune officials are not aware of regulations related to domestic violence prevention and control. Communication on the Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control has targeted women, the primary victims of domestic violence, but has paid little attention to other high-risk groups such as people dependent on alcohol drugs, or gambling and engaged couples. Sanctions against domestic violence are weak at most monitoring points. In most instances police issue warnings, or encourage “reconciliations”, and fail to take timely “preventive” or “protective” measures. Representation and participation in social activities The proportion of women in politics at commune level has increased slightly in the last five years. Most lowland and Kinh communes and district centres now have at least 20% women on commune People’s Councils or at least 15% women on Party Executive Committees, two key targets of the National Strategy for the Advancement of Women 2001- 2010. Most mountainous ethnic minority communes have not yet met these targets. In the 2011-2015 term, the proportion of women members appears set to increase further, although at a slower and more uneven rate (Table 1.8).
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction TABLE 1.8. Proportion of women in commune councils and committees 2007- 2010-2011 (%) Commune Commune Party Executive Committee Commune People’s Council Commune People’s Committee 2007 2010 2011 2007 2010 2011 2007 2010 2011 Thuan Hoa 20 20 20 12 12 21 16 21 23 Ban Lien 7 5 5 7 11 20 7 16 16 Thanh Xuong 7 11 11 11 21 21 7 12 12 Luong Minh 7 13 13 10 13 23 15 29 26 47 Duc Huong 7 13 13 17 17 4 16 21 21 Xy 11 11 11 7 7 7 20 20 20 Cu Hue 8 24 24 9 9 6 24 24 24 Phuoc Dai 29 33 33 25 25 30 19 21 28 Phuoc Thanh 13 0 0 14 14 14 44 21 33 Thuan Hoa 23 33 33 9 9 21 16 21 22 SOURCE: Statistics provided by Commune Office and Women’s Union, 2007-2011 Ineffective selection and improvement of capacity for women cadres. Grassroots cadres often argue that women lack the education and experience required for leadership positions. In Phuoc Thanh commune-Ninh Thuan, no women participate in the Party Executive Committee. Even the experienced and trusted Chairperson of Phuoc Thanh commune Women’s Union did not finish primary education and, therefore, has not yet been admitted to the Communist Party. Table 1.9 shows the proportion of women aged 18-40 finishing upper secondary school has increased over the last five years. However, most women who meet the educational criteria are young and professional and have yet to be selected and trained for election to the Party Executive Committee or Commune People’s Council.
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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