Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 36 TABLE 1.6. Feeling of local residents facing risks that greatly affect their lives, 2007-2011 (%) Commune Percent of HHs facing risks 2007 2011 Natural disasters, drought, flood Key risks greatly affecting household lives in 2011 Epidemics, Unfavourable pests, disease prices Under employment, unstable jobs Ineffective use of loans Ineffective application of new varieties techniques Illness, accident Thuan Hoa 48 33 10 95 10 5 0 0 15 0 Ban Lien 56 67 19 92 30 0 5 0 8 11 Thanh Xuong 20 24 31 46 8 0 0 0 77 8 Luong Minh 66 72 93 79 43 12 43 5 26 0 Duc Huong 63 35 73 55 46 14 5 0 55 0 Xy 26 61 75 86 39 8 3 3 28 3 Others Cu Hue 58 35 5 62 43 5 5 10 33 0 Phuoc Dai 43 69 60 62 45 7 5 2 21 2 Phuoc Thanh 63 59 76 55 36 6 3 0 6 0 Thuan Hoa 40 42 21 46 13 42 13 13 29 8 Average 48 49 52 70 34 10 10 3 26 3 SOURCE: Household interviews Natural disasters Households at the monitoring points experienced adverse and unforeseen weather conditions such as storms, floods, drought, lasting rain and severe cold. This appears to suggest the increasing impact of climate change. Severe storms and floods. During the historic double flood in late 2010, Duc Huong commune-Ha Tinh was submerged. Infrastructure was destroyed, houses and buffalo stables were demolished or seriously damaged, property and livestock was washed away and agricultural produce and materials were water damaged. Following the flood, livestock feed was scarce and straw to feed buffalos and cows cost as much as paddy. Some households were forced to sell property and livestock to buy straw for their cattle. Unusual and prolonged hot spells and drought. In 2010, seven communes were hit by severe and long hot spells, compared to only two communes in 2009. In some communes such as Luong Minh-Nghe An, Xy-Quang Tri, and Phuoc Thanh-Ninh Thuan hot spells were one or two months longer than in 2009 and temperatures 3-4 0 C higher. Harvests suffered, income from agricultural production fell and water was scarce. Prolonged rainfall. In 2010, five communes (compared to six 2009) experienced unusually prolonged rain and hurricane force winds, sometimes lasting for seven days. In remote communes such as Luong Minh-Nghe An, Xy-Quang Tri and Phuoc Dai-Ninh Thuan, heavy rain destroyed crops, and affected other sources of income such as wild vegetables and bamboo shoots, hunting in forests, fishing, collecting dried cow dung or
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction local casual jobs of poor households. In some areas (Cu Hue-Dak Lak, Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh) yields of rice, corn and coffee fell. In 2011 in Luong Minh, Nghe An heavy rain caused landslides along many roads, and the suspended bridge linking rural areas to the commune centre was seriously damaged. The headquarters of Luong Minh commune People’s Committee and all households in Xop Mat village had to be moved to escape the landslides. 37 Repeated long, severe cold spells at some monitoring points in mountainous areas in early 2008 and early 2011. According to local cadres and residents the two cold spells were distinctly different. In early 2008, the cold lasted nearly 40 days leading to a shortage of cattle feed and, partly because of poorly constructed stables, the loss of large numbers of cattle. In 2011 the cold spell was shorter, but because temperatures dropped quickly (from 10 o C to 0 o C), despite improved cowsheds and feed reserves, many cattle died (Box 1.5). In Ban Lien-Lao Cai, 210 buffalos died in 2008 and 243 died in 2011. Most poor households had borrowed money from the Social Policy Bank to buy livestock, so when their buffalos and cows died, they struggled to repay their debts. Reduced numbers of buffalos also increased the price of calves, making it difficult for people to replenish their herds. BOX 1.5. Difficulties coping with cold weather Following the severe cold spell in late 2007 and early 2008 that killed 18,760 cattle in Lao Cai province, local authorities have tried to help people protect their cattle in cold weather. Nevertheless, a cold spell in late 2010 and early 2011 killed a further 14,030 cattle in the province. The following suggestions may help farmers cope with cold weather: • Farmers require support and training to grow and tend grass to provide food for cattle in winter • Farmers should store dried straw for winter cattle feed • Farmers require guidance to prepare fine feed for cattle • Distribute leaflets with instructions on ways to protect cattle from the cold • Provide farmers with enough canvas to cover cowsheds • Provide support and funds to build solid cowsheds Cutting expenditures, increasing purchases on credit and diversifying livelihoods are ways to manage the risk of natural disaster. In ethnic minority areas many people use traditional techniques to manage the risks posed by potential natural disasters. These include: • Labour exchange to grow crops in time, • Intercropping (beans and corn), contour hill-side farming (maize on the upper tier, vegetables in the middle and rice on the lowest tier) to prevent soil erosion or landslides, diversification of food crops, • Increased use of local varieties in order to reduce investment, • Bringing cattle and poultry to upland fields to avoid disease, However, such measures, whist useful, cannot completely eradicate the risks presented by natural disasters. Direct and timely support by relatives, community, authorities and benefactors helps households cope with natural disasters. Local authorities and benefactors provide seeds, food, necessities, and household appliances. However, post natural disaster relief work still has limitations that need to be addressed (Box 1.6).
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