Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 34 live in very low-lying land, on the banks or edges of streams, and on mountain slopes are vulnerable. Most poor households are short of food between harvests, and when faced with natural disasters food is even more scarce. Poor ethnic minority groups are particularly vulnerable as they have minimal proficiency in the Vietnamese language, lack audio-visual devices, and have limited access to information on natural disasters. Some households choose not to move from dangerous areas due to their practice of upland farming and the advantages of living close to water sources. When men work away from home women and the elderly are forced to cope with natural disasters alone. People living in isolation. These include those newly arrived in the commune, recently separated households, households with upland fields and elderly or sick members who are unable to return home every day and households who rely on forests for a living. Isolated households in ethnic minority areas often live in temporary houses and have limited access to crucial infrastructure and services (for example, electricity, water, schools and health care). They also tend to participate less in in community activities. It is difficult to communicate and disseminate policies and laws to these households. People with limited or no productive land. This is a difficulty faced by poor Kh’mer people in the Mekong River Delta. Due to a lack of productive land, most Kh’mer work away from home or are engaged in local casual jobs. The Government issued Decision 74 on allocating residential land and farmland to poor ethnic minority households in the Mekong River Delta. However, the Decision has not been implemented effectively in Thuan Hoa commune-Tra Vinh, as there is no fertile land for sale and banks are slow to grant credit. Local authorities have unsuccessfully sought to encourage households to breed livestock. Drug use, is a particular problem for the Thai in Luong Minh-Nghe An and Thanh Xuong- Dien Bien. In Luong Minh-Nghe An, improved roads have caused the spread of drug use to remote Kh’Mu villages. Households with drug users are disadvantaged in a number of ways. Drug users tend to sell household property and spend household income on drugs. Households lack labour. As the majority of drug users are men, women face an extra burden, and some children give up school in order to support their family. At present, community-based detoxification measures are ineffective. Almost 100% of people taking part in short-term detoxification in the two surveyed communes (Luong Minh-Nghe An, Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien) relapsed. In Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, the Dien Bien Provincial HIV/AIDS Centre has since 2010 piloted the use of methadone with some initial success. The near-poor Adequate support policies are not available for the near-poor or those who have just escaped from poverty. A “near-poor” household has an average per capita income within 130% of the income poverty line. In mountainous ethnic minority areas, near-poor households often have unstable incomes as agricultural production is dependent on weather conditions, and seasonal labour. In addition, the near-poor are vulnerable to changing prices, illness and the high cost of education.
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction TABLE 1.5. Near-poor, 2008 - 2011 (%) Commune According to old poverty line According to new poverty line Late 2008 Late 2009 Late 2010 Late 2011 Poor HHs Nearpoor HHs Poor HHs Near poor HHs Poor HHs Nearpoor HHs Poor HHs Nearpoor HHs Thuan Hoa 42.8 - 35 7.3 62 15 56.4 15.8 Ban Lien 59.9 10.4 54.5 3.7 82.7 - 63 10.8 Thanh Xuong 11.2 3.5 8.2 0.6 11,7 6 7.5 5.6 35 Luong Minh 78.7 - 83.6 9.2 94 4.3 85.3 9.1 Duc Huong 40.6 31.7 28.4 23.6 52.5 19 43.3 18 Xy 49.8 18.9 42.2 26.7 73.5 8.1 72.1 6.1 Cu Hue 11.9 13 8.7 14 15.4 17.9 11.4 14 Phuoc Dai 58.4 32.9 58.2 10 64.2 11.9 57.8 16.6 Phuoc Thanh 56.5 32.7 52.8 16.5 77.2 7.4 70.9 11.8 Thuan Hoa 33.9 12.1 28.5 19.3 32.7 16.5 26.7 6.5 SOURCE: Statistics of the poor and near-poor households are provided by communes Note: (-) no statistics available. There are currently two policies supporting near-poor households: (i) members of nearpoor households are entitled to a 50 percent discount on the cost of voluntary health insurance; and (ii) children in near-poor households are entitled to concessional loans to pursue vocational training or secondary and tertiary education. The second policy appears to be the most effective. Households whose children are in further education are often given priority for near-poor status, so that they can access concessional loans. There is little interest in the health insurance subsidy. Households lack funds and information and the opportunity to purchase health insurance. 1.4. Vulnerability In 2011, rural people felt natural disasters and epidemics/pests were the two primary difficulties they faced. As in 2008 inflation was also a problem in 2011 (See Section 4 “Coping with price volatility”).
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Page 7: PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
Page 10 and 11: ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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