Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 28 Mostly working away from home, local jobs (casual or more permanent), trading or small businesses. Most migrant workers concentrate in the lowland and Kinh dominated areas (Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, Duc Huong-Ha Tinh, and Thuan Hoa- Tra Vinh). Most are young or middle-aged. • Education: Use of income from agricultural and non-agricultural work to invest in children’s and young people’s education (at most monitoring sites). The exercise summarizing direct reasons contributing to better life at the monitoring points. The methodology “life history interviews” in the last five years (2007-2011) was applied in in-depth interviews of households selected in the survey Non-agricultural employment (incl. migration) Children, young HHs Youth, middle-aged Middle-aged, elderly Education Agricultural employment Infrastructure improvement Market, employment opportunities Social and productive services round in 2011. The responses of 110 households are summarized in Table 1.4. TABLE 1.4. Reasons for better life at the monitoring points, 2007-2011 No. Direct reasons for better life over the last five Frequencies years 1 Diversified, intensive commodity production 66 2 Gradual accumulation from livestock breeding 42 3 Local casual jobs 29 4 Working away from home 27 5 Benefiting from Government’s support policies (in housing 25 construction, raising children with disabilities, social assistance and allowance...) 6 Expanding area of productive land 23 7 Having more man power 13 8 Trading, business and agricultural services 9 9 More goods exchanges, purchase 7 10 Households with members who are in detoxification 3 centres or working away from home 11 Getting married to foreigners 1 SOURCE: In-depth interviews of selected households
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 1: Poverty Trends and Key Themes of Rural Poverty Reduction Diversified intensive commodity production. The strategy of diversifying and combining short-term and long-term crops was common to households who reported improved living conditions (such as combining rice and tea in Ban Lien-Lao Cai, maize and coffee in Cu Hue-Dak Lak, rice and vegetables in Thanh Xuong-Dien Bien, rice and subsidiary crops in Thuan Hoa-Tra Vinh). In mountainous ethnic minority communes, diversification helps households manage risk and increases the effective use of labour and land. In lowland Kinh dominated communes the introduction of new varieties and farming techniques has increased crop yields, helping many households escape from poverty (Box 1.1). 29 BOX 1.1. Escaping from poverty thanks to the application of improved techniques in production Mr. D.T.M’s family from Huong Tan village, Duc Huong commune (Vu Quang, Ha Tinh) suffered a series of traumatic events. In 2006 Mr D.T.M’s wife had an accident. In 2007, his father was hospitalized due to serious illness, and in 2008 his child also suffered serious illness. Mr D.T.M used all his savings for medical treatment. In early 2009, Mr. D.T.M. was elected as head of the Village Farmers’ Association Branch, and had an opportunity to take part in training courses on subsidiary crop production. Thanks to investments in manure and by sowing a more suitable density of seeds, the yield of his peanuts increased from 0.15 to 0.19-0.2 ton/sao. In 2009, after making a profit of 20 million VND Mr D.T.M bought more cows and rented another two sao of land for farming. In 2010 his household made a profit of 50 million VND. He rented another four sao of land and bought a corn threshing machine. In 2011, he rented one mau of land (from villagers’ 5% allotted land and from households with a shortage of labour) and bought a milling machine. He estimated he would make a profit of 80 million VND in 2011. Improved production techniques helped Mr D.T.M’s household escape from poverty. Relative living standards Well-off Effective application of peanut farming techniques and investment, profit of 20 million Head of Farmers’ Association Branch, took part in training courses Average Poor Wife illness Father illnes Children illness Continue d applying advanced techniques and leased more land, profit of 50 million. Invested in maize threshing machine Rented more land, bought a milling machine. (estimated profit of 80 mil) Extremely poor s 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Accumulating capital from livestock breeding. Cattle breeding plays an important role in the lives of rural farmers, particularly those in mountainous and ethnic minority areas. It is a profitable investment and provides draught and manure for agricultural production. At the monitoring points, most of the loans granted by the Social Policy Bank in the past five years were used by households to invest in livestock. Accumulation from livestock helps households invest in building houses, purchasing property, expanding productive land, and investing in children’s education (Box 1.2). However, the profit rate from cattle breeding is low (buffalos and cows only gives birth once a year), and is subject to adverse weather and disease. Two cold spells in 2008 and 2011 destroyed the livestock of many households. Pig and poultry breeding are similarly vulnerable.
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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