Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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18 transparency, and accountability to bear on managing and monitoring sustainable poverty alleviation. The fifth round of poverty monitoring in 2011 studied multi-dimensional poverty, social security, the effect of high prices, labour mobility, educational services, agricultural extension services, participatory planning and decentralized financing at commune level. Annually repeated surveys The core groups visited the same surveyed communes and villages each year and, using the same household questionnaire, conducted in-depth interviews with the same households, and carried out the wealth ranking exercises using the same list. Participatory field monitoring at each site took six to seven days. The main data collection tools were: Household questionnaires: In each village 30 households were selected for the annual survey (in total, 60 households from two villages in each commune). A simple random technique (e.g. random card drawing) was used to select the households for interview. The questionnaire focused on background information about household members, some indicators of the household’s living standards, changes in household’s livelihood, and assessed access to services, markets and degree of civic participation. 600 household questionnaires were completed at ten monitoring points, providing data from 344 poor households and 256 non-poor households (as determined by the GOV poverty standard at time of survey). Of the 600 respondents, 346 were male, 254 female, 148 Kinh, and 452 from other ethnic groups such as H’mong, Thai, Tay, Kh’mu, Van Kieu, Ede, Raglai, and Kh’mer. The core groups revisited all households interviewed in 2009 to maintain a panel sample. However, by 2011, of the 600 households sampled in 2010, 12 households had to be replaced due to change of residence or adults absent from home at the time of this survey. In order to check the reliability of 2011 data against that of previous years, the research team ran a data analysis for 588 panel households and obtained a result with little difference from data obtained from 600-household samples. Data used in this report comes from the sample of 600 households. Data obtained from household interviews are presented in the form of descriptive tabulation and disaggregated into poor and non-poor households using results from the poverty review in each locality at the time of the survey. One exception is Cu Hue- Dak Lak, which has no disaggregated data for poor households because the number of poor households in the sampling was too small (only two poor households out of the 60 households surveyed in Cu Hue-Dak Lak). In-depth interview for case studies: Eight to ten typically poor and near-poor households from each village were interviewed to obtain detailed information about trends of poverty, disadvantages and risks faced, gender relations, and their level of participation in programmes and projects. 541 in-depth interviews were conducted with households. Group discussions: These were conducted with commune officials, core groups from villages (including village officials, representatives from mass organizations, and knowledgeable villagers), and local resident groups including men’s groups, women’s groups, poor groups, and children’s groups. Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA) tools - such as household wealth ranking, timelines, cause-effect diagrams, mobility mapping
exercises - were used to gain a deeper understanding of poverty gaps, community history, livelihood trends, and risks, and to gain feedback about the implementation of local programmes and projects. 19 190 group discussions were held involving 1024 villagers (adults and children) and commune and village officials. Of these people, 638 were men, 386 women, 321 Kinh, and 703 members of ethnic minorities. Information sheets: Monitoring personnel provided statistical data about the communes and villages selected. On-site observation and photographs taken (with permission where necessary) provided additional information. Interviews with local officials and other stakeholders: In addition to the above methods, 30 interviews were carried out with officials from provincial and district departments in the nine provinces. Triangulation methods were applied throughout the report in order to provide evidencebased statements that are supported by various sources of information, such as local reports, household questionnaires, group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations by the study team. This synthesis report reflects all survey results from the nine provinces studied between 2007 and 2011. It stresses the recognizable changes and policy implications arising the factors that have affected poverty trends at the monitoring points in the last five years 4 . The report comprises three parts. Part 1 gives an overview of poverty trends and summarizes developments in four areas over the past five years. Part 2 presents current challenges to rural poverty reduction. Part 3 concludes and provides recommendations for more sustainable rural poverty reduction 5 . Table 2 updates basic characteristics at the end of 2011 of 20 selected villages based on village information sheets and household survey results. 4 Secondary information is quoted with sources. Primary information with no source listed in this report comes from nine component reports and the field diary in the nine provinces in the five years from 2007 to 2011. 5 See also “Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam - First Round Synthesis Report”, Nov. 2008. Oxfam and ActionAid International Viet Nam; “Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam - Second Round Synthesis Report 2008/2009”, November 2009. Oxfam and ActionAid International Viet Nam; and “Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam - Third Round Synthesis Report 2009”, April 2010. Oxfam and ActionAid International Viet Nam and “Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam - Fourth Round Synthesis Report 2010” April 2011. Oxfam and ActionAid International Viet Nam.
Page 3: PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
Page 7: PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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Participatory poverty monitoring in
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Part 3 Toward Sustainable Rural Pov
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