Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs
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transparency, and accountability <strong>to</strong> bear on manag<strong>in</strong>g and moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g<br />
susta<strong>in</strong>able poverty alleviation.<br />
The fifth round of poverty moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> 2011 studied multi-dimensional poverty, social<br />
security, the effect of high prices, labour mobility, educational services, agricultural<br />
extension services, participa<strong>to</strong>ry plann<strong>in</strong>g and decentralized f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g at commune level.<br />
Annually repeated surveys<br />
The core groups visited the same surveyed communes and villages each year and,<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g the same household questionnaire, conducted <strong>in</strong>-depth <strong>in</strong>terviews with the same<br />
households, and carried out the wealth rank<strong>in</strong>g exercises us<strong>in</strong>g the same list.<br />
Participa<strong>to</strong>ry field moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g at each site <strong>to</strong>ok six <strong>to</strong> seven days. The ma<strong>in</strong> data collection<br />
<strong>to</strong>ols were:<br />
Household questionnaires: In each village 30 households were selected for the annual<br />
survey (<strong>in</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal, 60 households from two villages <strong>in</strong> each commune). A simple random<br />
technique (e.g. random card draw<strong>in</strong>g) was used <strong>to</strong> select the households for <strong>in</strong>terview.<br />
The questionnaire focused on background <strong>in</strong>formation about household members, some<br />
<strong>in</strong>dica<strong>to</strong>rs of the household’s liv<strong>in</strong>g standards, changes <strong>in</strong> household’s livelihood, and<br />
assessed access <strong>to</strong> services, markets and degree of civic participation. 600 household<br />
questionnaires were completed at ten moni<strong>to</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts, provid<strong>in</strong>g data from 344 poor<br />
households and 256 non-poor households (as determ<strong>in</strong>ed by the GOV poverty standard<br />
at time of survey). Of the 600 respondents, 346 were male, 254 female, 148 K<strong>in</strong>h, and<br />
452 from other ethnic groups such as H’mong, Thai, Tay, Kh’mu, Van Kieu, Ede, Raglai,<br />
and Kh’mer.<br />
The core groups revisited all households <strong>in</strong>terviewed <strong>in</strong> 2009 <strong>to</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> a panel sample.<br />
However, by 2011, of the 600 households sampled <strong>in</strong> 2010, 12 households had <strong>to</strong> be<br />
replaced due <strong>to</strong> change of residence or adults absent from home at the time of this<br />
survey. In order <strong>to</strong> check the reliability of 2011 data aga<strong>in</strong>st that of previous years,<br />
the research team ran a data analysis for 588 panel households and obta<strong>in</strong>ed a result<br />
with little difference from data obta<strong>in</strong>ed from 600-household samples. Data used <strong>in</strong> this<br />
report comes from the sample of 600 households.<br />
Data obta<strong>in</strong>ed from household <strong>in</strong>terviews are presented <strong>in</strong> the form of descriptive<br />
tabulation and disaggregated <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> poor and non-poor households us<strong>in</strong>g results from<br />
the poverty review <strong>in</strong> each locality at the time of the survey. One exception is Cu Hue-<br />
Dak Lak, which has no disaggregated data for poor households because the number of<br />
poor households <strong>in</strong> the sampl<strong>in</strong>g was <strong>to</strong>o small (only two poor households out of the 60<br />
households surveyed <strong>in</strong> Cu Hue-Dak Lak).<br />
In-depth <strong>in</strong>terview for case studies: Eight <strong>to</strong> ten typically poor and near-poor households<br />
from each village were <strong>in</strong>terviewed <strong>to</strong> obta<strong>in</strong> detailed <strong>in</strong>formation about trends of<br />
poverty, disadvantages and risks faced, gender relations, and their level of participation<br />
<strong>in</strong> programmes and projects. 541 <strong>in</strong>-depth <strong>in</strong>terviews were conducted with households.<br />
Group discussions: These were conducted with commune officials, core groups from<br />
villages (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g village officials, representatives from mass organizations, and<br />
knowledgeable villagers), and local resident groups <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g men’s groups, women’s<br />
groups, poor groups, and children’s groups. Participa<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>Rural</strong> Assessment (PRA) <strong>to</strong>ols<br />
- such as household wealth rank<strong>in</strong>g, timel<strong>in</strong>es, cause-effect diagrams, mobility mapp<strong>in</strong>g