Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam - Oxfam Blogs

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Participatory poverty monitoring in rural communities in Viet Nam 112 7.2. Feedback on agricultural extension services Content of agricultural extension services Training has improved, but effectiveness is not high (Table 7.2). Training sessions lasting for a day or half a day are often held in communes or village centres. Classes have illustrative videos and pictures, and involve interaction between trainers and trainees. However, there is little time for practice. In ethnic minority mountainous areas the language of instruction is Vietnamese, and some have difficulty following sessions. Training themes are also occasionally repetitive, and some only attend to receive their “allowance” rather than to learn. TABLE 7.2. Feedback on understanding and applicability of agricultural extension service trainings, 2011 (%) Commune “Understand all” or “Understand most” Non poor “Remember all” or “Remember most” Poor Non poor Poor Non poor “Apply all” or “Apply most” Poor Thuan Hoa 59 100 59 100 53 100 Ban Lien 33 63 17 63 17 38 Thanh Xuong 82 77 64 64 64 59 Luong Minh 27 100 27 50 18 50 Duc Huong 82 100 88 92 74 83 Xy 33 53 36 59 47 41 Cu Hue - 76 - 68 - 64 Phuoc Dai 93 100 7 50 13 50 Phuoc Thanh 21 75 5 75 5 75 Thuan Hoa 80 100 80 75 20 63 Average 48 77 41 69 41 60 SOURCE: Household interviews Many people, particularly those from ethnic minorities, appreciate practical training sessions (Box 7.1). However, according to agricultural extension services agencies, a lack of funds and human resources means there are few such sessions.
Five-year Synthesis Report Part 2: Challenges to Rural Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam Box 7.1. IPM Training - “We should have more of those” In 2011, ADDA in conjunction with the Farmers’ Union of Thanh Xuong - Dien Bien organized an IPM class on the Chinese pea at Pa Dong village. More than 30 women from the Thai ethnic group attended, of which 13 were from poor households. Classes were one morning a week from March until June. They included 30 minutes of theory, and practical demonstrations in a garden borrowed from a trainee. 113 Trainees learnt how to prepare soil, apply fertilizer and prevent insects. Even those from the Thai ethnic group who were illiterate were able to learn. The head of the Pa Dong village Women’s Union reported that about 50% of participants continue to plant Chinese pea for their own consumption and sale. --- “It’s hard to remember if someone just talks out of a book. IPM force people to work, to water and catch the insect, so it’s easier to remember. We know when to put the fertilizer. This is the first time we had practical class like this. It’s good to have more classes on raising pigs and ducks.” (L.T.H, a poor women from the Thai ethnic group, with grade 2 education) Communication on agricultural extension services is more diverse, but more attention should be paid to direct communication at the grassroots level. Information on agricultural extension services is delivered to the people through various channels, such as TV, radio, books, newspapers, leaflets, bulletins and village meetings. In addition, with the support of various projects, some new types of communications have been tested, such as the “information kiosk” funded by DANIDA in Eakar, Dak Lak, and “market place agricultural extension services” funded by Oxfam in Lao Cai . TV programs on agricultural extension services, including those in ethnic languages provide updated information and have wide coverage. Some interviewees highly value TV programs on agricultural extension services. However, for various reasons (busy, little understanding of Kinh language, prefer entertainment programs) only 23% of respondents watched agricultural extension services “regularly”. Most watched “occasionally” or “rarely” (67%), and some “never” watched (10%). About half of the respondents had received agricultural extension materials in the previous 12 months. However, people in ethnic minority mountainous areas are not used to written information. Interviews revealed that most people prefer to “ask the village cadre” (57%), “ask local agricultural extension staff” (53%) and “ask the seller and agencies” (43%). Only 13% “consult materials, books and newspapers”. Demonstration models need to be more suitable to local conditions and farming practices of poor ethnic minority households. Demonstration models are an important tool for agricultural extension, and is an opportunity for farmers to “train themselves” in applying technology and increasing their income. There have been a number of successful models that were replicated by the farmers, particularly the more well off group (high quality rice in Thuan Hoa - Tra Vinh, hybrid rice in Phuoc Dai - Ninh Thuan, hybrid corn in Thuan Hoa - Ha Giang, micro bio fertilizer in Cu Hue - Dak La, and black carp and duck in Thanh Xuong - Dien Bien). However, take up by the poor has not been so successful. As poor farmers lack resources for intensive farming, they tend to use labour intensive techniques on steep land. In many cases techniques applied in low lying areas are not suited to ethnic minority mountainous areas. As a result farmers appreciate models that are based on local conditions and that adapt standard models to reduce labour and minimize inputs. Table 7.3 shows that only a small portion of the population interviewed at the monitoring points think that knowledge and methods introduced by agricultural extension services are suited to their own conditions.
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PARTICIPATORY POVERTY MONITORING IN
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PREFACE 1 7 In early 2007, Viet Nam
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ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 10 ActionAi
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12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The last five
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14 and improve monitoring and evalu
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16 TABLE 1. The monitoring points C
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18 transparency, and accountability
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20 TABLE 2. Characteristics of the
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Part 1 Poverty Trends and Key Theme
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Participatory poverty monitoring in
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