Complementarity: Contest or Collaboration? - FICHL

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Complementarity and the Exercise of Universal Jurisdiction for Core International Crimes recognized that all states are parties to four treaties requiring them to extradite or try persons found in their territory suspected of grave breaches of those treaties and that most are parties to other treaties requiring them to do so with regard to other crimes under international law or crimes under national law of international concern. 33 However, what is particularly significant is that in the decade since the former President of Chile returned from 15 months under house arrest in London to leap out of his wheelchair on the airport tarmac almost every single state that has enacted or drafted legislation defining genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes as crimes under its national law has retained, strengthened or enacted new provisions permitting their courts to exercise universal jurisdiction over these crimes and torture. Indeed, at least 38 States Parties which have enacted legislation implementing their complementarity obligations under the Rome Statute by defining these crimes as crimes under their national law have provided for universal jurisdiction, including: Argentina, 34 Australia, 35 Azerbaijan, 36 Belgium, 37 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 38 Burkina Faso, 39 Burundi, 40 Can- Jurisdiction in Europe: Criminal Prosecutions in Europe since 1990 for War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity, Torture and Genocide, 1999; Redress, Legal Remedies for Victims of “international Crimes”: Fostering an EU Approach to Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, 2004, Annex D: Country Studies (focusing on countries in the EU). 33 Amnesty International, International Law Commission: The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare), AI Index: IOR40/001/2009, 3 February 2009 (http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/IOR40/001/2009/en). 34 Argentina: Ley de implementacion del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional (2007). 35 Australia: International Criminal Court (Consequential Amendments) Act 2002 (http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/iccaa2002543/), Criminal Code Act 1995, div. 15.4 and 268. 36 Azerbaijan: 2005 Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan Republic, arts. 12(3) and 13(3) (http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1658/file/4b3ff87c0056 75cfd74058077132.htm/preview). 37 Belgium: Loi relative à la répression des violations graves de droit international humanitaire 23 March 1999, Moniteur Belge 9286–87 (http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b5934.html). 38 Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2003 Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 12 (www.nottingham.ac.uk/law/hrlc/international-criminal-justice-unit/implementationdatabase.php). 39 Burkina Faso: PROJET DE LOI N° 052-2009 /AN portant détermination des compétences et de la procédure de mise en œuvre du statut de Rome relatif à la cour pénale FICHL Publication Series No. 7 (2010) – page 218
The Role of Universal Jurisdiction in the International Criminal Court Complementarity System ada, 41 Cape Verde, 42 Colombia, 43 Costa Rica, 44 Croatia, 45 Cyprus, 46 Estonia, 47 Finland, 48 Georgia, 49 Germany, 50 Ireland, 51 Kenya, 52 Korea (Repub- internationale par les juridictions burkinabè, art. 16 (draft approved on 3 December, awaiting promulgation by the President as of 20 January 2010). 40 Burundi: Loi portant répression du crime de génocide, des crimes contre l'humanité et des crimes de guerre, Loi 1-0004 du 8 mai 2003, art. 24 (http://www.icrc.org/ihlnat.nsf/6fa4d35e5e3025394125673e00508143/7cbad250d785314dc125707300366c6 b/$FILE/Genocide%20Repression%20Burundi%20-%20FR.pdf). 41 Canada: Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act 2000, c. 24, An Act respecting genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes and to implement the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and to make consequential amendments to other Acts, arts. 6 and 8 (http://laws.justice.gc.ca/PDF/Statute /C/C-45.9.pdf). 42 Cape Verde: Penal Code, art.4 (http://www.mj.gov.cv/index2.php?option=com_doc man&task=doc_view&gid=38&Itemid=66). 43 Colombia: Ley 599 de 2000 (Penal Code), art. 16(6) (http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2000/ley_0599_2000.html). 44 Costa Rica: Law 8.272/2003, amending Penal Code (Ley de represión penal como castigo por los crímenes de guerra y de lesa humanidad), art. 7 (http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/6fa4d35e5e3025394125673e00508143/10d7a03ac 8767383c125712600525077!OpenDocument). 45 Croatia: Law on the Application of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and on the Prosecution of Criminal Acts against the International Law on War and Humanitarian Law, Number: 01-081-03-3537/2, Zagreb, 24 October 2003, art. 10(2) (http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/shared/shared_hrlcicju/Croatia/November_2003_Law_ on_the_Application_of_the_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court__English_. pdf). 46 Cyprus: Law amending the Rome Statute for the Establishment of the International Criminal Court (Ratification) Law of 2002, No. 23 (III)/2006, sect. 6 (http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/6fa4d35e5e3025394125673e00508143/057edec3010b 50f1c12572d7002bd9cc!OpenDocument). 47 Estonia: Penal Code, 6 June 2001, as amended (19 May 2004, entered into force 1 July 2004, RT I 2004. 46, 329), art. 7(1) (http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legisl ations/07/6a/4d16963509db70c09d23e52cb8df.htm). 48 Finland: Penal Code of Finland, 39/1889, as amended, sects. 7 and 8 (www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039.pdf). 49 Georgia: Law on amendments to the Criminal Code, 2003 (adding some crimes against humanity to the Criminal Code) (http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/6fa4d35e5e 3025394125673e00508143/7fd1f5a507a2531dc12570fb004f3723!OpenDocument). 50 Germany: Code of International Crimes, 26 June 2002, sect. 1 (http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/6fa4d35e5e3025394125673e00508143/09889d9f415e 031341256c770033e2d9!OpenDocument). FICHL Publication Series No. 7 (2010) – page 219
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Complementarity and the Exercise of
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To Nora Helene Bergsmo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .........
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4.4.10. The Right of the Person Con
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9.2. Universal Jurisdiction and its
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3.1. Introduction 3 ______ Compleme
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Complementarity: Contest or Collabo
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Publication Series Co-Editors Mr. M
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