Complementarity: Contest or Collaboration? - FICHL

9.2. Universal Jurisdiction and its Origins ........................................ 248
9.2.1. From the Principle of Territoriality to Universal
Jurisdiction ..................................................................... 248
9.2.1.1. Traditional Grounds of Jurisdiction:
Territoriality, Active Nationality and Passive
Nationality ...................................................... 250
9.2.1.2. Traditional Legal Grounds of Jurisdiction
and International Crimes ................................ 253
9.2.2. Universal Jurisdiction and its Expansion in the Second
Half of the 20 th Century ................................................. 262
9.2.2.1. Definition and Content of the Principle of
Universal Jurisdiction ..................................... 262
9.2.2.2. The 1949 Geneva Conventions and their
Historical Legacy for the Expansion of
Universal Jurisdiction for Core International
Crimes in the Second Half of the
20 th Century .................................................... 266
9.3. Application and Effectiveness of Universal Jurisdiction as a
Contemporary Mechanism for Prosecuting Those Responsible
of Core International Crimes ...................................................... 275
9.3.1. Diversity in Implementing Universal Jurisdiction ......... 275
9.3.2. Complexity in Implementing Universal Jurisdiction:
the Limits of the Principle ............................................. 282
9.4. The Principle of Complementarity: an Enforcement Tool of
the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction? ...................................... 292
9.4.1. The Principle of Complementarity in the Rome Statute
and its Relationship with National Courts Exercising
Universal Jurisdiction .................................................... 292
9.4.2. Proposal Towards a More Pragmatic Enforcement of
Universal Jurisdiction Through the Principle of
Complementarity ........................................................... 298
9.5. Conclusion .................................................................................. 301
Index................................................................................................... 305
FICHL Publication Series .................................................................. 311
Other volumes in the FICHL Publication Series ............................... 313
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