ISSAI 1240

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ISSAI 1240 ISA 240 THE AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES RELATING TO FRAUD IN AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Application and Other Explanatory Material Characteristics of Fraud .............................................................................. Professional Skepticism .............................................................................. A1-A6 A7-A9 Discussion among the Engagement Team .................................................. A10-A11 Risk Assessment Procedures and Related Activities .................................. A12-A27 Identification and Assessment of the Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud .................................................................. A28-A32 Responses to the Assessed Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud ........................................................................................ A33-A48 Evaluation of Audit Evidence ..................................................................... A49-A53 Auditor Unable to Continue the Engagement ............................................. A54-A57 Written Representations .............................................................................. A58-A59 Communications to Management and with Those Charged with Governance .................................................................................. A60-A64 Communications to Regulatory and Enforcement Authorities ........................................................................................... A65-A67 Appendix 1: Examples of Fraud Risk Factors Appendix 2: Examples of Possible Audit Procedures to Address the Assessed Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud Appendix 3: Examples of Circumstances that Indicate the Possibility of Fraud International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 240, “The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements” should be read in conjunction with ISA 200, “Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing.” 3 238 The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements
ISSAI 1240 ISA 240 THE AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES RELATING TO FRAUD IN AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Introduction Scope of this ISA 1. This International Standard on Auditing (ISA) deals with the auditor’s responsibilities relating to fraud in an audit of financial statements. Specifically, it expands on how ISA 315 1 and ISA 330 2 are to be applied in relation to risks of material misstatement due to fraud. Characteristics of Fraud 2. Misstatements in the financial statements can arise from either fraud or error. The distinguishing factor between fraud and error is whether the underlying action that results in the misstatement of the financial statements is intentional or unintentional. 3. Although fraud is a broad legal concept, for the purposes of the ISAs, the auditor is concerned with fraud that causes a material misstatement in the financial statements. Two types of intentional misstatements are relevant to the auditor – misstatements resulting from fraudulent financial reporting and misstatements resulting from misappropriation of assets. Although the auditor may suspect or, in rare cases, identify the occurrence of fraud, the auditor does not make legal determinations of whether fraud has actually occurred. (Ref: Para. A1-A6) Responsibility for the Prevention and Detection of Fraud 4. The primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the entity and management. It is important that management, with the oversight of those charged with governance, place a strong emphasis on fraud prevention, which may reduce opportunities for fraud to take place, and fraud deterrence, which could persuade individuals not to commit fraud because of the likelihood of detection and punishment. This involves a commitment to creating a culture of honesty and ethical behavior which can be reinforced by an active oversight by those charged with governance. Oversight by those charged with governance includes considering the potential for override of controls or other inappropriate influence over the financial reporting process, such as efforts by management to manage earnings in order to influence the perceptions of analysts as to the entity’s performance and profitability. 1 2 ISA 315, “Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment.” ISA 330, “The Auditor’s Responses to Assessed Risks.” 4 The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements 239
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ISSAI 1240

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