Global overview of Tuna Purse Seine Fisheries
Global overview of Tuna Purse Seine Fisheries
Global overview of Tuna Purse Seine Fisheries
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ISSF - Taking Stock<br />
Workshop on Bycatch Research<br />
in <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> <strong>Fisheries</strong><br />
Brisbane, Australia, 26 June 2010<br />
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>overview</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> <strong>Fisheries</strong><br />
David Itano<br />
Note: photo credits to D. G. Itano unless otherwise noted.<br />
Reproduction or use <strong>of</strong> graphics or data contained in this<br />
presentation is prohibited without express consent <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ISSF and person(s) / organization(s) credited<br />
Pelagic <strong>Fisheries</strong> Research Program<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Hawaii
Outline<br />
• <strong>Global</strong> l tuna landings<br />
• <strong>Tuna</strong> purse seine vessels<br />
• Basic purse seine gear and fishing operation<br />
• Regional characterization <strong>of</strong> major purse seine fisheries<br />
<br />
Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Eastern Pacific, Western and Central Pacific<br />
• What are FADs and “floating objects”<br />
• <strong>Purse</strong> seine bycatch categories<br />
• Regional issues in catch and bycatch<br />
• <strong>Global</strong> comparisons by region
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> Landings by Species<br />
4<br />
MIllion tons<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
SKJ<br />
YFT<br />
BET<br />
ALB<br />
BFTs<br />
0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
Source: P. M. Miyake from RFMO data<br />
Miyake et al. 2010 in press
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> Landings by Species<br />
4<br />
MIllion tons<br />
3<br />
2<br />
SKJ<br />
YFT<br />
BET<br />
BFTs<br />
1<br />
0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
Source: P. M. Miyake from RFMO data<br />
Miyake et al. 2010 in press
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> Landings by Species<br />
tropical tunas<br />
4<br />
3<br />
MIllion tons<br />
2<br />
SKJ<br />
1<br />
YFT<br />
0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
BET<br />
Source: P. M. Miyake from RFMO data<br />
Miyake et al. 2010 in press
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> Landings by Gear and Region<br />
TONS<br />
MILLION<br />
2.5<br />
20 2.0<br />
1.5<br />
WORLD TUNA CATCH BY GEAR<br />
BB<br />
LL<br />
OTH<br />
1.0<br />
PS<br />
0.5<br />
TROL<br />
0.0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
61%<br />
Pacific<br />
Atlantic<br />
11%<br />
Indian<br />
28%<br />
ON TONS<br />
MILLI<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
10 1.0<br />
0.5<br />
WORLD CATCH BY OCEAN<br />
Atlantic<br />
INDIAN<br />
Pacific<br />
0.0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
Source P. M. Miyake from RFMO data<br />
Miyake et al. 2010 in press
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Tuna</strong> Landings by Species<br />
tropical tuna <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong><br />
2500<br />
SKJ YFT BET<br />
Metri ic tons (x10 000)<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
<strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> landings<br />
Mattson<br />
Th housand Tons<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
YFT SKJ BET<br />
0<br />
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000<br />
Longline<br />
Mattson<br />
Source: P. M. Miyake from RFMO data<br />
Miyake et al. 2010 in press
<strong>Tuna</strong> purse seine FAD associated catch by species<br />
Blue = Skipjack: Yellow = Yellowfin : Red = Bigeye<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
-100-110-120-130-140- 150-160-170180<br />
170<br />
160<br />
150<br />
140<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
45<br />
40<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Indian<br />
Western and Central<br />
Pacific<br />
Eastern Pacific<br />
Atlantic<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
0<br />
- 30<br />
3<br />
Source: A. Fonteneau
Small and medium purse seine and ringnet vessels<br />
Note: photo credits to D. G. Itano unless otherwise noted.<br />
Reproduction or use <strong>of</strong> graphics or data contained in this presentation is prohibited without express consent <strong>of</strong> the ISSF and person(s)<br />
/ organization(s) credited
Large super seiner types: 1000 – 3000 mt capacity<br />
Note: photo credits to D. G. Itano unless otherwise noted.<br />
Reproduction or use <strong>of</strong> graphics or data contained in this presentation is prohibited without express consent <strong>of</strong> the ISSF and person(s)<br />
/ organization(s) credited
Basic components <strong>of</strong> a purse seine vessel<br />
Power block<br />
skiff<br />
<strong>Purse</strong> winch<br />
<strong>Purse</strong> seine net
How does the purse seine operation work ?<br />
Net hauling<br />
A. Fonteneau<br />
A. Fonteneau<br />
“Brailing” or loading the catch<br />
Opic 1982
setting the purse seine<br />
Begin <strong>of</strong> set<br />
setting complete<br />
Kim et al. 2007
pursing the net<br />
Pursing started<br />
Maximum net depth<br />
Pursing depth<br />
Pursing complete<br />
Pursing depth = 48 % to 64% <strong>of</strong> net depth<br />
Gaertner and Sachhi 1999<br />
Kim et al. 2007
the purse seine net<br />
• Net length<br />
<br />
<br />
• Net depth<br />
<br />
<br />
~ 1000 – 2200 m<br />
Measured at corkline<br />
(circumfrence)<br />
~ 150 – 350 m<br />
<strong>Purse</strong>s closed at ~ 50 – 60% <strong>of</strong><br />
depth<br />
not to scale<br />
• Typical net used on Super <strong>Seine</strong>r<br />
<br />
2000 x 300 m<br />
• Net sizes are relatively stable with<br />
some becoming deeper<br />
Data sources: IATTC, FFA, WCPFC, IEO
<strong>Purse</strong> seine set types or fishing mode<br />
Free school .. or Unassociated<br />
- sonar mark, subsurface<br />
- jumpers, breezer<br />
-splasher, boiler<br />
- foamer<br />
Drifting Object .. or Associated<br />
- logs, flotsam, debris<br />
- drifting FADs<br />
-anchored FADs<br />
SPC
<strong>Purse</strong> seine set types or fishing mode<br />
Live Animal associated sets<br />
-dolphin<br />
-whale shark<br />
- manta ray
Atlantic Ocean –spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> effort<br />
2 0<br />
20<br />
15<br />
15<br />
10<br />
10<br />
5<br />
5<br />
0<br />
0<br />
- 5<br />
- 5<br />
- 1 0<br />
- 1 0<br />
- 1 5<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
- 5<br />
- 1 0<br />
- 1 5<br />
- 1 5<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
- 5<br />
- 1 0<br />
- 1<br />
FAD PS catches 1991-1996 FAD PS catch 1997 - 2007<br />
• Coastal catch on logs and debris near mouth <strong>of</strong> Congo River<br />
• High seas catch, mix <strong>of</strong> unassociated and drifting FAD schools<br />
Graphic: A. Fonteneau
Atlantic Ocean – purse seine characterization<br />
• Flag and total tuna landings<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Total PS landings > 100,000 since<br />
1972<br />
Spain, France, Ghana in East Atl<br />
Venezuela, Brazil in Western Atl<br />
200000<br />
180000<br />
160000<br />
140000<br />
120000<br />
100000<br />
80000<br />
60000<br />
40000<br />
• Trend<br />
20000<br />
<br />
<br />
BRAZIL<br />
MOROCCO<br />
Mix.Fr+Sp<br />
GUATEMALA<br />
CAP_VERT<br />
VENEZUELA<br />
NEI combined<br />
GHANA<br />
20000 FRANCE<br />
0<br />
SPAIN<br />
Gradual decline in effort since<br />
1991<br />
Recent ti influx <strong>of</strong> vessels from<br />
Total catch by Flag<br />
Indian Ocean<br />
Data source: ICCAT
Atlantic Ocean – purse seine characterization<br />
300000<br />
250000<br />
Floating Object<br />
Free school<br />
200000<br />
150000<br />
45.2%<br />
9.2%<br />
45.5%<br />
Skipjack<br />
100000<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
50000<br />
0<br />
• Floating object and Free school catch almost equal in recent years<br />
• Catches<br />
Gradually declining from high <strong>of</strong> 250,000 mt in 1993<br />
<br />
<br />
2008 catch <strong>of</strong> 140,000 mt<br />
Recent ti increase in effort and catch thd due to relocation <strong>of</strong> vessels from Indian<br />
Ocean<br />
Note: photo credits to D. G. Itano unless otherwise noted.<br />
Reproduction or use <strong>of</strong> graphics or data contained in this presentation is prohibited without express<br />
consent <strong>of</strong> the ISSF and person(s) / organization(s) credited<br />
Data : A. Fonteneau<br />
From RFMO data
Indian Ocean: spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> effort<br />
Unassociated PS<br />
catch<br />
(Pianet et al. 09 (IOTC-<br />
2009-WPTT-22)<br />
22)<br />
Floating object associated PS catch<br />
(avg catches 1990 – 2004)<br />
(A. Fonteneau)<br />
Note: the Seychelles EEZ
Indian Ocean – purse seine characterization<br />
450000<br />
400000<br />
350000<br />
300000<br />
FAD<br />
Free school<br />
41.1%<br />
9.7%<br />
49.2%<br />
250000<br />
200000<br />
150000<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye gy<br />
100000<br />
50000<br />
0<br />
• FAD sets dominant (note FAD = natural and man‐made objects)<br />
<br />
• Catches<br />
Mostly drifting FADs<br />
rose steadily to around 400,000 in 2003<br />
<br />
2008 catch <strong>of</strong> 272,000 mt<br />
Data : A. Fonteneau<br />
From RFMO data
Indian Ocean – purse seine characterization<br />
60<br />
• Flag and number <strong>of</strong> vessels<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Spain, France, Seychelles<br />
Historically about 50 PS vessels<br />
Dramatic decline in recent years<br />
• Size <strong>of</strong> <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong>rs<br />
<br />
<br />
Mostly 801 – 2000 GRT<br />
Increasing trend <strong>of</strong> > 2000 GRT<br />
50<br />
Dutch Antilles<br />
40 Bli Belize<br />
Italy<br />
30<br />
Iran<br />
Seychelles<br />
20<br />
Panama<br />
10<br />
Spain<br />
France<br />
0<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> vessels by Flag<br />
60<br />
• Fleet carrying capacity<br />
59,000 mt in 2008<br />
• Trend recent decline in effort<br />
Data source: Pianet et al. 09 (IOTC‐2009‐WPTT‐22)<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> vessels by GRT class<br />
>2000<br />
1201‐<br />
2000<br />
801‐<br />
1200<br />
601‐<br />
800<br />
401‐<br />
600<br />
50 ‐<br />
400
Indian Ocean: spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> effort<br />
Somali pirates !!<br />
Hallier and Million<br />
IO Regional <strong>Tuna</strong> Tagging Program
Drifting FADs<br />
Enhanced natural log<br />
Bamboo raft<br />
Bamboo and floats<br />
<strong>Purse</strong> seine floats and netting
Anchored FADs<br />
de Jesus 1982<br />
Indonesian “house FAD”
Eastern Pacific Ocean: IATTC field <strong>of</strong>fices<br />
Source: IATTC
Eastern Pacific Ocean: <strong>Purse</strong> seine Catch by species and<br />
set type<br />
Dolphin associated<br />
33.3%<br />
13.6%<br />
53.0%<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
Floating object associated<br />
(FADs, logs, flotsam)<br />
76,000<br />
296,000<br />
Unassociated or<br />
Free schools<br />
186,000<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
Source: IATTC
Eastern Pacific Ocean: <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> – YELLOWFIN Catch<br />
Average 1998-2007<br />
2008<br />
284 000 mt<br />
186 000 mt<br />
(166 000 to 413 000)<br />
35% lower<br />
Source: IATTC
Eastern Pacific Ocean: <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> – SKIPJACK Catch<br />
Average 1998-2007<br />
2008<br />
214 000 mt 296 000 mt<br />
(141 000 to 297 000) 38% higher<br />
Source: IATTC
Eastern Pacific Ocean: Bigeye Catch by gear type<br />
Source: IATTC
Eastern Pacific Ocean: <strong>Purse</strong> <strong>Seine</strong> – BIGEYE Catch<br />
Average 1998-2007<br />
2008<br />
65 000 mt<br />
76 000 mt<br />
(44 000 to 95 000)<br />
17% higher<br />
Source: IATTC
WCPFC / IATTC<br />
WCPFC<br />
IATTC<br />
Source: WCPFC
150E 160E 180<br />
170E<br />
170W<br />
160W<br />
150W<br />
140W<br />
JAPAN<br />
Western and Central Pacific Ocean<br />
USA<br />
30N<br />
Northern<br />
Marianas<br />
Guam<br />
Minami<br />
Tori Shima<br />
Wake<br />
Western and Central Pacific<br />
Fishery Commission<br />
Marshall<br />
Islands<br />
Hawaii<br />
Johnston<br />
Mexico<br />
20N<br />
Eastern Pacific Ocean<br />
10N<br />
Palau<br />
Federated States <strong>of</strong> Micronesia<br />
Papua New Guinea<br />
Nauru<br />
Kiribati<br />
Howland<br />
and Baker<br />
Phoenix<br />
Palmyra<br />
Jarvis<br />
Line<br />
Islands<br />
Inter‐American Tropical<br />
<strong>Tuna</strong> Commission<br />
0<br />
Australia<br />
New<br />
Caledonia<br />
Solomon Is<br />
Vanuatu<br />
Matthew &<br />
Hunter<br />
Tuvalu<br />
Fiji<br />
Wallis &<br />
Futuna<br />
Tokelau<br />
Samoa<br />
Am<br />
Samoa<br />
Tonga<br />
Western<br />
Niue<br />
Cook<br />
Islands<br />
French Polynesia<br />
10S<br />
20S<br />
Pitcairn<br />
Norfolk
Western and Central Pacific<br />
Distribution <strong>of</strong> purse seine fishery (black circles)<br />
120E 130E 140E 150E 160E 170E 180 170W 160W 150W<br />
40N<br />
40N<br />
18.3% 2.6%<br />
79.1%<br />
Skipjack<br />
20N 30N<br />
1<br />
3 4<br />
2<br />
5<br />
30N 20N<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
10N<br />
0<br />
10N 0<br />
326,000<br />
46,800<br />
1,410,000<br />
Skipjack<br />
20S 10S<br />
Yellowf in tuna catch (mt)<br />
1990-2000<br />
200,000<br />
100,000<br />
20,000000<br />
10S 20S<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
30S<br />
Longline<br />
Pole-and-line<br />
<strong>Purse</strong> seine<br />
Other<br />
6 7<br />
30S<br />
2008: 1,782,800 mt<br />
120E 130E 140E 150E 160E 170E 180 170W 160W 150W<br />
Source: SPC / SCTB
Western and Central Pacific<br />
YELLOWFIN<br />
atch (mt)<br />
C<br />
1,600,000<br />
1,200,000<br />
800,000<br />
400,000<br />
0<br />
SKIPJACK<br />
BIGEYE<br />
Effort (days)<br />
56,000<br />
42,000<br />
28,000<br />
14,000<br />
0<br />
1972<br />
1974<br />
1976<br />
1978<br />
1980<br />
Estimate ed Effort (d days)<br />
1982<br />
1984<br />
1986<br />
1988<br />
1990<br />
1992<br />
1994<br />
1996<br />
1998<br />
2000<br />
2002<br />
2004<br />
2006<br />
2008<br />
2008 Provisional estimates<br />
TOTAL : 1,782,636 mt (record; stable )<br />
SKJ : 1,409,921 mt (79%; ↓ )<br />
YFT : 325,904 mt (18% ; ↑ record; 40% increase on 2007 )<br />
BET : 46,811 mt (3% ; ↑ record, but prov.)<br />
Source: SPC / WCPFC
Western and Central Pacific<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> vessels<br />
200<br />
Numb ber <strong>of</strong> ves ssels<br />
250 Distant-water<br />
Domestic (non-Pacific Is.)<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
Domestic (Pacific Is.)<br />
0<br />
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008<br />
Source: SPC / WCPFC
Western and Central Pacific<br />
Distribution <strong>of</strong> purse seine catch<br />
2002 (-) 2002 (-) 2002 (-)<br />
2003 (-/o) 2003 (-/o)<br />
2003 (-/o)<br />
Blue = Unassociated<br />
Yellow = Log<br />
Red = Drifting FAD<br />
Green = Anchored FAD<br />
2004 (-/o)<br />
2004 (-)<br />
2004 (-)<br />
2005 (-/o/+)<br />
2005 (-/o/+<br />
2005 (-/o/+)<br />
2006 (+/o/-) 2006 (+/o/<br />
2006 (+/o/-)<br />
2007 (o/+) 2007 (o/+)<br />
2007 (o/+)<br />
2008 (+) 2008 (+)<br />
2008 (+)<br />
2006 (o/-)<br />
Estimated Bigeye catch (mt)<br />
3,000<br />
1,500<br />
300<br />
Drifting FAD<br />
Log<br />
Unassociated<br />
Anchored FAD<br />
Skipjack Yellowfin Bigeye<br />
tuna catch by set type, 2002–2008<br />
Source: SPC / WCPFC
Western and Central Pacific<br />
Distribution <strong>of</strong> purse seine effort and catch by set type<br />
2002 (-) 2002 (-)<br />
El Niňo condition<br />
2003 (-/o) 2003 (-/o)<br />
2004 (-/o) 2004 (-/o)<br />
2005 (-/o/+) 2005 (-/o/+)<br />
2006 (+/o/-) 2006 (+/o/-)<br />
2007 (o/+) 2007 (o/+)<br />
2008 (+) 2008 (+)<br />
La Niňa condition<br />
Source: SPC / WCPFC
WCP – CA: Percentage <strong>of</strong> effort by set type for fleets<br />
l sets<br />
Perce entage <strong>of</strong> total<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
FSM Arrangement<br />
Other<br />
Drifting FAD<br />
Log<br />
Unassociated<br />
Japan<br />
Korea<br />
Chinese-Taipei<br />
USA<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
Blue = Unassociated 80%<br />
70%<br />
Yellow = Log<br />
60%<br />
Red = Drifting FAD<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
PNG (domestic)<br />
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008<br />
Philippines (DWFN)<br />
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008<br />
Solomon Islands<br />
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008<br />
Green = Anchored FAD<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008<br />
Source: SPC / WCPFC
<strong>Purse</strong> seine bycatch: general categories<br />
• Seabirds …. (less significant in PS)<br />
• Marine turtles<br />
<br />
Relatively low priority issue, entanglement in<br />
drifting FADs or seine during haul<br />
• Sharks (main species)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis)<br />
Pelagic white tip shark (C. longimanus)<br />
Hammerhead shark and some other species (particularly on seamounts, coastal<br />
areas, higher latitudes)<br />
• Miscellaneous finfish<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Billfish (marlin, sailfish, spearfish, swordfish)<br />
Mahi mahi, wahoo<br />
Rainbow runner, oceanic triggerfish, juvenile jacks,<br />
scads, mixed jacks, etc.<br />
• <strong>Tuna</strong> and tuna‐like species
<strong>Purse</strong> seine bycatch, discards, undesirable catch<br />
• <strong>Tuna</strong> and tuna‐like species<br />
<br />
<strong>Tuna</strong>‐like species<br />
• Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei)<br />
• Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard)<br />
• Kawakawa (Euthynnus spp. [3])<br />
<br />
Target species (SKJ, YFT, BET)<br />
• Smashed, damaged<br />
• Too small for processing<br />
<br />
Bigeye tuna<br />
• Particularly in the Pacific<br />
Photo – A D Lewis
• Atlantic<br />
<br />
<br />
Regional issues in catch and bycatch<br />
High FAD use with high localized productivity<br />
Utilization <strong>of</strong> tuna discards and bycatch in African markets<br />
• Indian Ocean<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
High FAD use with high productivity (upwelling)<br />
Pirate situation shifting effort<br />
Bigeye tuna relatively low in management issue<br />
compared to yellowfin<br />
• Eastern Pacific<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Photo – A. Fonteneau<br />
Large yellowfin taken on dolphin sets, with very low bycatch <strong>of</strong> other taxa<br />
Shallow thermocline<br />
Increasing FAD use with high h biological i l productivity<br />
it<br />
Large biomass <strong>of</strong> tuna‐like species and miscellaneous finfish bycatch<br />
Significant bigeye component in FAD fishery for some years –relatively large<br />
juveniles/sub adults in some years<br />
Strong concern on bigeye stocks and growth interaction with longline fishery
• Central Pacific<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Regional issues in catch and bycatch<br />
Increasing PS exploitation ti using drifting difti FADs<br />
High bigeye proportion in floating object catch<br />
Straddles IATTC/WCPFC convention areas, compliance and licensing issues<br />
• Western Pacific<br />
<br />
<br />
Relatively oligotrophic waters, low bycatch <strong>of</strong> miscellaneous finfish<br />
Water clarity and deep thermocline dictate pre‐dawn FAD sets<br />
Significant use <strong>of</strong> drifting FADs by all fleets but unassociated effort still ~ 60%<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Very high proportion p <strong>of</strong> skipjack in catch /<br />
difficult to exclude and enumerate<br />
juvenile bigeye in sets<br />
Only major region with significant use <strong>of</strong> anchored FADs for purse seining<br />
Very large mixed gear fisheries <strong>of</strong> Indonesia and the Philippines<br />
• Huge FAD based fisheries but poorly enumerated<br />
• Targeted fisheries on tuna‐like species and very small skipjack and yellowfin
<strong>Global</strong> tuna purse seine catch<br />
Blue = Skipjack: Yellow = Yellowfin : Red = Bigeye<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
- 100- 110- 120-130- 140- 150- 160-170180<br />
170<br />
160<br />
150<br />
140<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
45<br />
40<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Indian<br />
Western and Central<br />
Pacific<br />
Eastern Pacific<br />
Atlantic<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
-20<br />
- 30<br />
3<br />
Source: A. Fonteneau<br />
1,782,600<br />
140,000<br />
000<br />
272,700<br />
558,000<br />
Atlantic<br />
Indian<br />
Eastern Pacific<br />
WCPO<br />
1800000<br />
1600000<br />
1400000<br />
1200000<br />
1000000<br />
800000<br />
600000<br />
400000<br />
Bigeye<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Skipjack<br />
200000<br />
2008 <strong>Purse</strong> seine catch = 2,753,300 mt<br />
0<br />
Atlantic Indian EPO WCPO<br />
Note: catch data as reported by relevant RFMO and rounded to nearest 100 mt<br />
Data sources: ICCAT, IOTC, IATTC, SPC/WCPFC
<strong>Global</strong> tuna purse seine catch<br />
Blue = Skipjack: Yellow = Yellowfin : Red = Bigeye<br />
45.2%<br />
9.2%<br />
45.5% 5%<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
41.1% 9.7% 49.2%<br />
Skipjack<br />
Bigeye<br />
100%<br />
80%<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
33.3%<br />
Atlantic<br />
13.6%<br />
53.0%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
Atlantic Indian EPO WCPO<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
Bigeye<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Skipjack<br />
18.3% 2.6%<br />
Indian<br />
79.1%<br />
Skipjack<br />
Yellowfin<br />
Bigeye<br />
Eastern Pacific<br />
Western and Central<br />
Pacific<br />
2008 <strong>Purse</strong> seine catch th= 2,753,300 300 mt<br />
Note: catch data as reported by relevant RFMO and rounded to nearest 100 mt<br />
Data sources: ICCAT, IOTC, IATTC, SPC/WCPFC
Data sources and graphics<br />
IATTC<br />
ICCAT<br />
IOTC<br />
WCPFC<br />
SPC – Oceanic <strong>Fisheries</strong> Programm<br />
EU – FADIO<br />
Note: photo credits to D. G. Itano unless otherwise noted.<br />
Reproduction or use <strong>of</strong> graphics or data contained in this<br />
presentation is prohibited without express consent <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ISSF and person(s) / organization(s) credited<br />
P. M. Miyake<br />
A. Fonteneau<br />
J. Ariz
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