Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for ...

1.8
Molar H/Corg Ratios
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Proposed upper limit for biochars
Thermochemically altered
Not thermochemically altered feedstock
0.2
1
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Temperature (°C)
2
3
4
5
6
Figure A5.1: Relationship between molar H:C org ratios and temperature of thermochemically altered
organic matter in comparison to untreated biomass. Dashed line is the upper limit of 0.7. Data points
below the 0.7 line are thermochemically altered materials that are considered to be thermochemically
“converted” (data from Sevilla and Fuertes, 2009ab; Calvelo Pereira et al, 2011; Enders et al., 2012).
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
References
Enders A., Hanley K., Whitman T., Joseph S. and Lehmann J. Characterization of biochars to
evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresource Technology (BITE-D-11-
04505). Published online.
Keiluweit M., Nico P.S., Johnson M.G. and Kleber M. (2010) Dynamic molecular structure of
plant-derived black carbon (biochar). Environmental Science and Technology 44:1247-
1253.
Sevilla M. and Fuertes A.B. (2009a) Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous
products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides. Chemistry - A
European Journal 15:4195-4203.
Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for Biochar That Is Used in Soil 34