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Introduction to Fungi, Third Edition

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Plate 8 Thalli of lichens. (a) The crus<strong>to</strong>se lichen Lecanora muralis. Numerous apothecia are seen in the centre of the thallus. (b) The<br />

crus<strong>to</strong>se Rhizocarpon geographicum. Its mosaic-like appearance is due <strong>to</strong> greenish-yellow vegetative thalli with small dark apothecial<br />

areas, and larger black prothalli. (c) The crus<strong>to</strong>se foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina.The yellow colour is due <strong>to</strong> the pigment parietin.<br />

Numerous apothecia are seen in the centre of the thallus. (d) Peltigeracanina on mossy boulders.The foliose fleshy thallus is coloured<br />

dark blue green by the cyanobacterium Nos<strong>to</strong>c. Note the white rhizinae and the reddish apothecial areas. (e) Cladonia floerkiana.<br />

Fruticose upright podetia arise from a squamulose horizontal thallus. (f) The reindeer lichen Cladina rangiferina growing among<br />

ground vegetation. (g) Usnea florida, a fruticose lichen hanging down from tree branches. (b) kindly provided by B. Bu«del.

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