Introduction to Fungi, Third Edition
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INDEX<br />

833<br />

Phallus ravenelii 591<br />

Phanerochaete chrysosporium 565;<br />

white-rot 530–532<br />

Phanerochaete velutina 570<br />

phaneroplasmodium 48, 51, Pl. 1<br />

Phellinus 573<br />

Phellinus igniarius 573, Pl. 10<br />

Phellinus noxius 573<br />

Phellinus pomaceus 573; chloromethane<br />

emission 532, 574<br />

Phellinus robustus 574<br />

Phellinus weirii 573<br />

phenylacetaldehyde 591, 630<br />

phenylamides 112<br />

phenylethanol 591, 630<br />

pheromones; see sex hormones<br />

phialide 31, 232, 233–234, 300<br />

phialoconidium 300, 465; dry and<br />

slimy 233<br />

Phialophora 386, 439<br />

Phlebiopsis gigantea 569<br />

phoenicoid fungi 417<br />

Pholiota 554<br />

Pholiota nameko 555<br />

Pholiota squarrosa 554, Pl. 9<br />

Phoma 462, 464–465, 466; versus<br />

Phomopsis 465<br />

Phoma acuta 462–463<br />

Phoma betae 466<br />

Phoma epicoccina 466; see Epicoccum<br />

nigrum<br />

Phoma lingam 463; Plenodomus 464;<br />

see Lep<strong>to</strong>sphaeria maculans<br />

Phoma medicaginis 464, 465<br />

phomopsins 375<br />

Phomopsis 373–375; a-conidium 373,<br />

374; b-conidium 373, 374, 464;<br />

ecology 375; versus Phoma 465;<br />

taxonomy 374<br />

Phomopsis helianthi 375<br />

Phomopsis phaseoli 373; see Diaporthe<br />

phaseolorum<br />

Phomopsis viticola 375<br />

phomozin 375<br />

phosphonate fungicides 113<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>biont (of lichens) 446<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>recep<strong>to</strong>rs 169<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>sensitizers 482, 665<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>tropism, ascus tip 420, 427;<br />

sporangiophore 168, 169, 170, 185,<br />

188<br />

Phragmidium 631<br />

Phragmidium mucronatum 631;<br />

teliospore 629<br />

Phragmidium violaceum 631, Pl. 12;<br />

biocontrol of bramble 631<br />

phragmobasidium 488, 489, 593,<br />

637<br />

phragmospore 23<br />

Phycomyces blakesleeanus 168, 169, 184;<br />

heterothallism 174; life cycle 180;<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>tropism 168, 169–170;<br />

sporangiophore development<br />

168–170, 171; sporangium<br />

development 171–173; zygospore<br />

development 176, 186; zygospore<br />

germination 178<br />

Phycomyces nitens 179, 184<br />

Phycomycetes 33<br />

Phyllactinia 405<br />

Phyllactinia guttata 237, 390, 406, 407;<br />

chasmothecium 407, 409<br />

phylloplane yeasts 668<br />

phylogeny 33, 36–37, 69, 166, 248,<br />

512, 516<br />

Physarales (Myxomycota) 51<br />

Physarum polycephalum 48, 50, 51–53,<br />

Pl. 1; life cycle 49; smart network 52<br />

physiological heterothallism 435<br />

physiological races; see races<br />

Physoderma alfalfae 153<br />

Physoderma maydis 153<br />

phy<strong>to</strong>alexins 115, 383, 438, 464<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora 95, 102–115; asexual<br />

reproduction 103–106;<br />

chlamydospore 105, 106; oospore<br />

109–110; sexual reproduction<br />

109–111; sporangium germination<br />

104; zoospore 106, 107–108;<br />

zoospore encystment 106; zoospore<br />

release 105<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora alni 103<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora cac<strong>to</strong>rum 102, 106,<br />

109–110<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora cinnamomi 102, 107,<br />

108<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora drechsleri 103<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora erythroseptica 29, 68, 103,<br />

109, 116, Pl. 2<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora fragariae 103<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora infestans 78, 95, 111–115;<br />

disease forecast 113; epidemiology<br />

111–112; fungicides 112–113;<br />

haus<strong>to</strong>rium 103, 105; life cycle<br />

95–96, 101, 102; origin and spread<br />

111; physiological races 114; pota<strong>to</strong><br />

late blight 111–115, Pl. 2; <strong>to</strong>ma<strong>to</strong><br />

late blight 115<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora nicotianae 103<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora palmivora 103<br />

Phy<strong>to</strong>phthora ramorum 103<br />

phy<strong>to</strong><strong>to</strong>xins 375, 388, 470, 476, 478,<br />

482, 568; see cercosporin, HC-<strong>to</strong>xin,<br />

prehelminthosporol, T-<strong>to</strong>xin,<br />

vic<strong>to</strong>rin C<br />

Pichia 281<br />

Pichia guilliermondii 263<br />

Pichia jadinii 281<br />

Pichia pas<strong>to</strong>ris 263, 281<br />

Pichia stipitis 262<br />

Piedmont truffle 426<br />

pigments; see carotenoids, lichens,<br />

melanin, pulvinic acids<br />

Pilaira 189–190<br />

Pilaira anomala 190<br />

pileocystidium 525<br />

pileus 517<br />

Pilobolus 185–189; sporangium<br />

discharge 189; vec<strong>to</strong>r for<br />

nema<strong>to</strong>des 188<br />

Pilobolus crystallinus 185, Pl. 3<br />

Pilobolus kleinii 185, 188<br />

Pilobolus umbonatus 185<br />

pine, needlecast 441; rusts 634<br />

pionnote 345<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis 201; appressorium 202;<br />

haus<strong>to</strong>rium 202<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis freseniana 201<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis fimbriata 202<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis unispora 201<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis virginiana 201, 202<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>cephalis xenophila 201<br />

Pip<strong>to</strong>porus betulinus 339, 560, 561,<br />

562–563; mating system 506<br />

Piromyces 151<br />

Pisolithus 12, 527, 586; bole<strong>to</strong>id clade<br />

579; ec<strong>to</strong>mycorrhiza 586<br />

Pisolithus marmoratus 586<br />

Pisolithus tinc<strong>to</strong>rius (¼ P. arhizus) 586,<br />

Pl. 11<br />

Placopsis gelida 451<br />

plant growth hormones; see auxins,<br />

cy<strong>to</strong>kinins, ethylene, gibberellins<br />

plant resistance; see host resistance,<br />

breeding for resistance<br />

plasmodiocarp (of Myxomycetes) 50<br />

Plasmodiophora brassicae 54–57, 58,<br />

59–61; club root symp<strong>to</strong>ms 55–56,<br />

57; club root control 62–63;<br />

cruciform mi<strong>to</strong>sis 55, 59; life cycle<br />

56; infection process 57, 58–59, 65;<br />

plant hormones 60–61, 253

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