Introduction to Fungi, Third Edition

820 INDEX
biological control 263; of fungi 340,
342, 347, 377, 412–413, 433–434,
485, 551, 569, 596, 668; of insects
211, 363–364; of nematodes 684; of
weeds 631
bioremediation 531
biotechnology; see bread-making,
brewing, biological control,
biotransformation, citric acid
fermentation, enzyme production,
food production, griseofulvin,
penicillin, riboflavin production,
saké, wine production
biotransformation 167, 197
biotrophy in mycoparasites 191, 201;
in plant pathogens; see Blumeria
graminis, Cladosporium fulvum,
Exobasidiales, Peronosporales,
Uredinales, ustilaginomycetous
smuts
bipolar; see heterothallism
Bipolaris 471–472
Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleom.
Cochliobolus sativus) 472, 474
birch, rust 635; sap and
Xanthophyllomyces 665; witches’
broom 251, Pl. 4
bird’s nest fungi; see Crucibulum cyathus
Biscogniauxia mediterranea 333
Biscogniauxia nummularia 333
biseriate; see Aspergillus
Bisporella citrina 444, Pl. 7
bitunicate; see ascus wall
biverticillate; see Penicillium
conidiophores
Bjerkandera adusta 519, 562
black yeasts 486
Blakeslea trispora 174, 194, 195
Blakeslea unispora 195
blastic conidiogenesis 231;
see holoblastic, enteroblastic
Blastocladiales 153–162; bipolar
germination 155; life cycles
155–160; zoospore 153–155
Blastocladiella 160–162; Cystocladiella
160; Eucladiella 160
Blastocladiella emersonii 153, 154,
161, 162
Blastocladiella variabilis 160
blastoconidium 435, 484, 503, 504
Blastomyces dermatitidis 289, 290–292
Blumeria graminis 390, 393, 394,
395–399, 400, 401; appressorium
396; attachment 395; chasmothecia
400, 401; conidia 395, 399; formae
speciales 395; gene-for-gene
interactions 398; haustorium 393,
394, 397–398, 399; infection process
395, 396, 397; life cycle 399–401;
primary germ tube 396; races 395,
408; secondary germ tube 396;
signalling 396
‘boat-hook’ spines 82, 84
boletoid clade 555–560, Pl. 9;
gasteromycetes 579, 585–588;
phylogeny 516–517, 555, 585
Boletus 557–558; related to
gasteromycetes 578
Boletus appendiculatus 557
Boletus badius 515, 557, Pl. 9
Boletus chrysenteron 556, 557
Boletus edulis 556, 557; cultivation 526,
557; trama 524
Boletus erythropus 557, Pl. 9
Boletus luridus 557
Boletus parasiticus 557
Boletus rubinellus 489; basidiospore
development 491–492, 493
Boletus satanas 557
boom-and-bust cycle 619
Bordeaux mixture 112, 119, 253,
410, 647
bothrosome; see sagenogen
Botryotinia fuckeliana 430, 434–435;
see Botrytis cinerea
Botryotinia porri 436
Botryotrichum (teleom. Chaetomium) 332
Botrytis cinerea (teleom. Botryotinia
fuckeliana) 4, 7, 32, 121, 403,
434–435; attachment 438; fungicide
resistance 439; life cycle 437;
macroconidia 434, 436;
microconidia 435; pathogenicity
mechanisms 436–439, 475; sclerotia
19; septum 228
Bovista 581
bow-tie reaction 570, 571
bramble rust 631
brassicas, Albugo white blisters 122,
125; blackleg 463; club-root 55–56,
57; powdery mildew 402; see also
oilseed rape
bread-making 274
breeding for resistance (in plants) 63,
119, 138, 347, 368, 408–410, 440,
625–627, 633–634, 642
Bremia lactucae 120, 121, 122
Brettanomyces 275
brewing 274–275
broad bean, anthracnose 387, Pl. 5;
leaf- and pod-spot 464; net-blotch
466; rust 631
brown-rot (of wood) 529, 529–530,
556, 559–560, 563–564
bubble-trap propagules 696, 698
bud scar 271, 283
bulbil 490, 505
Bulbillomyces farinosus (anam. Aegerita
candida) 505, 506, 697
bulbous hyphae 378, 381; see infection
hyphae
Bulgaria inquinans 445, Pl. 7
Buller phenomenon 510, 570
Buller’s drop 493–494, 495
Bullera 659
Bulleromyces (anam. Bullera) 659
bunt 637; common bunt 647; dwarf
bunt 649; Karnal bunt 649
Byssochlamys 307–308
Byssochlamys nivea 306, 307
Ca 2þ channels, stretch-activated 9–10,
66, 615
Cadophora 439
Caecomyces 151
caeoma 635
Caespitotheca forestalis 393
calcineurin signalling 664
calciseptine 646
callose 397
calmodulin 384, 385
Calocera cornea 598, 601
Calocera viscosa 600, 601, Pl. 11;
basidiospore germination 600, 601;
basidium 489
Calostoma 585
Calvatia 581
Calvatia excipuliformis 582, Pl. 11
Calvatia gigantea 581, 582
cAMP (cyclic AMP) 41, 105, 384, 645; as
hormone 42
Candelabrum desmidiaceum 701
Candida 276–280
Candida albicans 226, 276–280, 291, 654;
candidiasis 278–280; cryptic sexual
phase 277; dimorphism 277; drug
resistance 279–280;mating 277–278;
switching 278; treatment 279–280
Candida dubliniensis 276, 280
Candida glabrata 276, 278, 280
Candida inconspicua 276
Candida krusei 276, 280