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Introduction to Fungi, Third Edition

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EUAGARICS CLADE<br />

539<br />

Fig19.15 Secondary metabolites in the euagarics clade.Coprine (a) produced by Coprinus atramentarius is <strong>to</strong>xic only when consumed with alcohol. a-Amanitin (b) and phalloidin (c) are the<br />

<strong>to</strong>xic principles of death caps, especially Amanita phalloides and A. virosa.The alkaloids ibotenic acid (d) and its derivative muscimol (e) are found in the fly agaric, Amanitamuscaria.Theyare<br />

hallucinogenic, probably mimicking neurotransmitters. Similarly, the indole alkaloids psilocybin (f) and its derivative psilocin (g), produced by Psilocybe spp., are hallucinogenic.Their<br />

structure is similar <strong>to</strong> the neurotransmitter sero<strong>to</strong>nin.The bipyridyl <strong>to</strong>xin orellanine (h) is the cause of poisoning by Cortinarius orellanus.

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