Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center - Saudi Solar ...
Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center - Saudi Solar ...
Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center - Saudi Solar ...
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<strong>Solar</strong> & <strong>Photovoltaics</strong><br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />
Ghassan E. Jabbour, SPIE Fellow, EOS Fellow<br />
Director<br />
Rawabi Holdings Endowed <strong>Research</strong> Chair in <strong>Solar</strong> and Voltaics,<br />
Named Professor<br />
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
<strong>Center</strong> Mission<br />
‣ To become a leading institute in renewable energy science and engineering.<br />
‣ To provide foundational innovations to enable efficient and low-cost disruptive<br />
solar cell and sustainable energy technologies.<br />
‣ To be the catalyst for Kingdom-wide initiatives in solar and renewable energy<br />
technology adoption.<br />
Present<br />
123rf.com<br />
VTT<br />
Future: Roll-to-Roll Printing<br />
123rf.com
<strong>Center</strong> Mission and Outreach Activities<br />
To be Ambassadors of Excellence in Renewable Energy Science and Technology<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> & <strong>Photovoltaics</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />
Joint research<br />
with KAUST partners<br />
<strong>Research</strong>er<br />
exchange program<br />
Expand research network<br />
Organize international<br />
conferences<br />
Enhance local<br />
student participation<br />
Accelerate<br />
acceptance of solar<br />
technology<br />
Interdisciplinary approach<br />
to basic energy science<br />
and engineering<br />
MS Degree in Energy<br />
Science and<br />
<strong>Engineering</strong><br />
Entrepreneurship<br />
and key<br />
IP sustainability<br />
Alternative energy sci. advisor<br />
to the Kingdom<br />
Publish in top<br />
ranked journals<br />
Education<br />
in IP principles<br />
Active engagement<br />
with industry<br />
Cultivate<br />
spin-offs/startups<br />
Continuing<br />
education courses<br />
Workshops<br />
for decision makers
Flagship
<strong>Center</strong> R&D<br />
CIGS and CXYS <strong>Solar</strong> Cells<br />
(Goal: PCE > 20%)<br />
Amorphous, Nanosilicon and Quantum Dots<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Cells (Goal: PCE > 10%)<br />
Optical Coatings and Photon Management Designs for<br />
Optimized solar cell performance including. Thermal <strong>Solar</strong><br />
Small Molecule and Polymeric <strong>Solar</strong> Cells (Goal: PCE > 10%)<br />
Energy Storage, Harvesting, and Fuel Cells<br />
Testing and Characterization
What Does it Take?
Level 0: Lab Space<br />
KAUST<br />
Discover and optimize new materials an device structures using<br />
traditional and high throughput approaches
Level 3: North Neighborhood<br />
KAUST<br />
Synthesize the new materials and fabricate optimized devices using<br />
solution based processing including low cost approaches such as PRINTING!
Level 3: South Neighborhood<br />
KAUST<br />
Characterize materials, thin film layers, and devices.
Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy and Imaging<br />
Laboratory<br />
1<br />
4<br />
2<br />
5<br />
6<br />
3<br />
7
Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy and Imaging<br />
Laboratory<br />
Femtosecond spectroscopy and<br />
material processing room equipped<br />
with femtosecond regenerative and<br />
parametric amplifiers. Laser system<br />
produces high energy, ultrashort
Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy and Imaging<br />
Laboratory<br />
Ultrahigh resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (UHR-OCT) room equipped with femtosecond<br />
oscillator producing 70fs pulses tunable in NIR range for supercontinuum generation. UHR-OCT is a fast,<br />
sub-micron resolution method to acquire 3D structural data of semitransparent multilayer structures<br />
like flexible solar cells. Method is fast enough to be applied in monitoring the printing quality in R2Rmanufacturing<br />
of flexible electronics. Experimental spectral-domain tomography tool is under<br />
construction which will provide real-time imaging rate with 0.5µm resolution i.e., to our knowledge, the<br />
highest resolution spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography in the world.
Surface Analysis Laboratory<br />
Versatile ellipsometric capabilities: UV-IR
Surface Analysis Laboratory<br />
SELECTED INSTRUMENTS<br />
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry VUV-VASE, IR-VASE,<br />
M2000<br />
Optical properties (refractive index/<br />
dielectric function), layer thickness,<br />
surface roughness, interfacial mixing,<br />
chemical bonding<br />
Atomic Force Microscopy Bruker Dimension Icon High resolution surface topography<br />
Hall Effect Measurement Lakeshore 7700A Resistivity, carrier concentration,<br />
mobility of semiconductors<br />
Optical Microscopy Zeiss Materials surface imaging<br />
Scanning Electron Microscopy Jeol Neoscope Benchtop Materials imaging (top down/cross<br />
section)<br />
Profilometry Contour GT-X8 Optical<br />
Profiler, KLA Tencor Stylus<br />
Profilometer<br />
3D imaging, thickness, roughness<br />
Fluorescence Fluoromax4 Steady-state fluorescence, lifetime<br />
measurement<br />
X-ray tomography SkyScan 3D materials imaging<br />
Spectrophotometer Carry 6000i UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometry (solid<br />
and liquid samples)<br />
Sample Preparation Sputter Coater, Plasma-<br />
Preen Cleaner/Etcher<br />
Metals coating, plasma cleaning and<br />
surface treatment<br />
Surface Analysis Laboratory<br />
in <strong>Center</strong> includes a wide<br />
range of techniques for<br />
optical and structural<br />
characterization thin-film<br />
surfaces and interfaces and<br />
liquid-based materials.<br />
These properties are key<br />
issue for materials<br />
development<br />
and<br />
engineering. The laboratory<br />
has a unique spectroscopic<br />
ellipsometry platform<br />
equipped with top of the<br />
line ellipsometers for<br />
accurate<br />
optical<br />
characterization of different<br />
materials.
Printing and Roll-to-Roll Laboratory<br />
Roll-to-Roll Printing:<br />
The Roll-to-Roll printing process is used for<br />
manufacturing rigid and flexible solar cells,<br />
and other printed electronics and photonics<br />
(e.g., fuel cells, thin film batteries, flexible<br />
LEDs and displays, and charge storage devices)<br />
in a continuous roll to roll fashion. Roll-to-Roll<br />
printing is the way to lower the cost of<br />
manufacturing!
Photolithography Laboratory<br />
Classical lithography approaches,<br />
nanolithography, nanoembossing,<br />
and direct laser printing.
Wet Chemistry Laboratory<br />
The Wet Chemistry Laboratory<br />
provides synthetic and analytical<br />
facilities. In six fumehoods<br />
experiments can be carried out in<br />
ambient or under inert gas<br />
atmosphere.<br />
Synthesis equipment in this laboratory<br />
include:<br />
• Centrifuges<br />
• Rotary evaporators<br />
• Drying/Vacuum ovens<br />
• Vacuum pumps<br />
• Schlenk lines<br />
• Gloveboxes<br />
Analytical facilities include:<br />
• Thermal analysis TG-DTA/DSC<br />
• Gel permeation<br />
chromatography GPC<br />
• Physical and chemical<br />
adsorption analyzers
Clean Room and Advanced Deposition<br />
Laboratory<br />
The area consists of Clean Room will be with class 1000<br />
and class 100 zones and deposition facilities. Tools<br />
included allow our researchers and students to carry<br />
fundamental and applied studies.
Integrated Renewable Energy Laboratory<br />
Hands-on research and education in<br />
renewable energy & hybrid systems<br />
engineering and management.<br />
Real world testing of home developed<br />
power generation and storage systems.<br />
Combines renewable power generation<br />
from solar, wind and fuel cells with<br />
advanced energy storage technologies.<br />
Study and evaluation of renewable energy<br />
sources.<br />
Excess energy can be stored in battery bank<br />
or converted into hydrogen to be used as<br />
backup when renewable sources are offpeak.
Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage<br />
Laboratory<br />
This Laboratory is designed to cover<br />
Energy Conversion and Storage topics<br />
with techniques permitting material<br />
synthesis, material forming and device<br />
fabrication, and a range of<br />
characterization techniques of materials<br />
and devices.
Cooperative <strong>Research</strong> Plan<br />
It is the Director’s intent to keep the research plan flexible and<br />
adaptable to future changes in availability of resources and/or<br />
changes in technology requirements and acceptance.<br />
Plan will be revisited during meetings with the <strong>Center</strong> faculty<br />
Industrial and Scientific Advisory Board members, and<br />
adjustments will be instituted as deemed necessary.<br />
<strong>Center</strong> has an applied and industry-aimed broad focus in solar<br />
and other renewable energy technologies.
IP Publications<br />
• E. Alarousu, and G. E. Jabbour “Apparatus for submicron resolution spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography<br />
using supercontinuum source” submitted to KAUST office in March 20, 2012<br />
• S. Boulfrad, E. Alarousu, E. Daas, G. E. Jabbour “Inkjet printing with in-situ laser treatment for devices with fast<br />
multilayer deposition“ submitted to KAUST office in March 20, 2012<br />
• S. Boulfrad and G.E. Jabbour, “Apparatus and Method for Porous Solid Backbone Impregnation for Electrochemical<br />
Energy Conversion Systems “ Application submitted to US Office on March 1st, 2012<br />
• S. Boulfrad, O. Bakr, G. E. Jabbour, “Novel Method for Graded Functional Materials,” In preparation (2012)<br />
• M. AlAhmad and G. E. Jabbour, “Fully Integrated solar cell with super capacitor having common electrode on nano<br />
tube substarte,” Submitted 2011-06-28. (Invention Report # 2011-079)<br />
• M. AlAhmad and G. E. Jabbour, “Flexible Energy Harvester with Supercapacitor to convert movement to electrical<br />
energy,” Submitted 2011-06-28.(Invention Report # 2011-080 ).<br />
• M. Bulikemu and G. E. Jabbour, “In situ synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles via inkjet submitted to KAUST IP office<br />
submitted March, 2012
New Energy Oasis
Demonstration and Verification Systems at NEO<br />
Thin Film<br />
Tracking<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Frontier<br />
10 KW<br />
Q-Cells<br />
5 KW<br />
KANEKA<br />
10 KW<br />
Miasole<br />
5 KW<br />
Crystalline Silicon<br />
SunTrough<br />
Q.Cells<br />
6 KW<br />
BP <strong>Solar</strong><br />
14 KW<br />
Hitachi Bi-Facial<br />
4 KW<br />
Circadian<br />
7 KW<br />
*
[MWh]<br />
KAUST 2MW Roof top installation-Energy Yield<br />
Comparison per Year<br />
[°C]<br />
400<br />
350<br />
Year 1- May 2010 to Apr 2011<br />
Year 2 - May 2011 to Apr 2012<br />
40<br />
35<br />
9300 modules<br />
300<br />
30<br />
250<br />
25<br />
200<br />
20<br />
150<br />
15<br />
100<br />
10<br />
50<br />
5<br />
0<br />
June July August September October November December January February March April<br />
Yield Energy-[Year1] Yield Energy-[Year 2] Average Irr /10 (W/m2)-[Year 1]<br />
Average Irr /10 (W/m2)-[Year 2] Average Temprature-[Year 1] Average Temprature-[Year 2]<br />
0<br />
Year 1 Total Yield Energy : 3441 MWh. Year 2 Total Yield Energy : 3501 MWh.<br />
Increase in Actual yield : 140 MWh = 4%
Seawater based <strong>Solar</strong> Farms<br />
• Drilling beach wells to supply saline water<br />
• Using Wind power to pump water from the beach well<br />
• Using Nano clouds to create clean water and<br />
microenvironment
High efficiency CIGS solar cells<br />
Industrial collaboration with:
28<br />
Na Incorporation in CIGS<br />
Glass/Mo<br />
Substrate<br />
+<br />
Back Contact<br />
HPC Sputtering<br />
Cu,In,Ga<br />
Precursor<br />
CIG<br />
Annealing in<br />
H2Se/Ar<br />
Absorber<br />
CIGS<br />
Chemical Bath<br />
Deposition<br />
Buffer Layer<br />
CdS<br />
RF Sputtering<br />
TCO<br />
i-ZnO/n-ZnO<br />
Grids & Scribing<br />
Na is supplied by NaF evaporation on Mo or on CIG layer before selenization
Efficiency vs precursor composition & NaF<br />
thickness<br />
Active Area: 0.447cm 2<br />
First Results:<br />
- Ca. two months period<br />
- Without sulfur addition<br />
- No MgF 2 (antireflection layer)<br />
- NaF layer on top of CIG<br />
η = 16.04 %
Thank You<br />
sperc.kaust.edu.sa<br />
“…Innovation is probably the single biggest factor determining who succeeds and who fails anywhere in the world.”<br />
Nick Donofrio, IBM Corporation, Global Innovation Outlook, 2007