The Kyrenia Shipwreck: Pirates Ahoy! - Emmaf.org
The Kyrenia Shipwreck: Pirates Ahoy! - Emmaf.org
The Kyrenia Shipwreck: Pirates Ahoy! - Emmaf.org
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: <strong>Pirates</strong> <strong>Ahoy</strong>!<br />
Dr. Kristian Lorenzo
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Topics<br />
Warships IV<br />
<strong>The</strong> Quinquereme<br />
Modern <strong>Pirates</strong><br />
Somalia<br />
Ancient <strong>Pirates</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong><br />
Where, when, what<br />
<strong>The</strong> Siege of Rhodes<br />
Reconstruction<br />
<strong>The</strong> Cargo<br />
Piracy?
Warships IV: the Quinquereme<br />
A Quinquereme or a 5 = 5 rowers per side of ship e.g. 1 st level<br />
with 1 man per oar, 2 nd level with 2 men per oar, 3 rd level with 2<br />
men per oar
Warships IV: the Quinquereme<br />
A Quinquereme or a 5 = 5 rowers per side of ship e.g. 1 st level<br />
with 1 man per oar, 2 nd level with 2 men per oar, 3 rd level with 2<br />
men per oar
Modern <strong>Pirates</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> principal risk zones for modern piratical activity.
Modern <strong>Pirates</strong><br />
A Somali pirate, a man with nothing to lose.
Modern <strong>Pirates</strong>: Piracy pays<br />
Pirate attacks often include either short-term hostage situations or more often<br />
long-term (1-2 year) hostage situations which when not thwarted can yield<br />
ransoms of millions of dollars/pounds/euros, etc
Ancient <strong>Pirates</strong><br />
Who were “pirates” depended very much on who were<br />
the victors and who the losers, in an engagement.<br />
Also who wrote the histories, such as Herodotus or<br />
Thucydides, and then the later Roman writers such as<br />
Livy or Cicero.<br />
Crew #4 will talk about the Cilician <strong>Pirates</strong> on Friday!
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Where<br />
Rhodes<br />
X<br />
Cyprus<br />
Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. X = the site of the <strong>Kyrenia</strong><br />
shipwreck
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Where<br />
X<br />
Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. X = the site of the <strong>Kyrenia</strong><br />
shipwreck
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: When<br />
About 50 years after 322 B.C. when this man drank himself to<br />
death
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong><br />
<strong>Shipwreck</strong>: What<br />
Discovered by a sponge<br />
diver in 1965, who in<br />
1967 alerted University of<br />
Pennsylvania doctoral<br />
student Michael Katzev,<br />
who at that time was<br />
working with Ge<strong>org</strong>e Bass<br />
on the Byzantine Yassi<br />
Ada shipwreck.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong><br />
<strong>Shipwreck</strong>: What<br />
Excavation of the <strong>Kyrenia</strong><br />
ship a merchant vessel off<br />
the north coast of Cyprus<br />
with reference grid<br />
shown, scuba equipped<br />
maritime archaeologists<br />
and an airlift.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: What<br />
A view of some of the amphorae from the <strong>Kyrenia</strong> shipwreck<br />
prior to excavation.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: What<br />
6 th century B.C. black figure cup showing a merchant vessel and<br />
a warship/pirate ship (?)
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Piracy<br />
x<br />
Unlike Athenian naval supremacy in the Aegean during the 5 th century, or the<br />
later pax romana in the Mediterranean of the Roman empire, the sea was not<br />
ruled by any one Hellenistic power
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Piracy<br />
<strong>The</strong> hemiolia: the fastest war galley in Hellenistic navies<br />
and a favorite ship for pirates.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: What<br />
And the ranks of every major military campaign were filled<br />
with mercenaries….and also pirates
<strong>The</strong> Siege of Rhodes, ca. 304 B.C.<br />
One example of the mobilization of pirates during a<br />
military campaign: the siege of Rhodes.
<strong>The</strong> Siege of Rhodes, ca. 304 B.C.<br />
One example of the mobilization of pirates during a<br />
military campaign: the siege of Rhodes
<strong>The</strong> Siege of Rhodes, ca. 304 B.C.<br />
Three ‘deckless’ pirate ships in the employ of Demetrios ‘the<br />
Besieger’ were captured in a Rhodian naval foray (Diodorus Siculus,<br />
World Histories, chapters 20.81, 20.100)
<strong>The</strong> Siege of Rhodes, ca. 304 B.C.<br />
Demetrios ‘the Besieger’ was unsuccessful; the Rhodians celebrated with the<br />
construction of the colossus of Rhodes (one of the 7 wonders of the ancient<br />
world), a statue of the sun god Helios.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: When<br />
Within about 3 decades of the siege of Rhodes ca. 304 B.C. a<br />
ship sunk off the northern coast of Cyprus
Excavation of the <strong>Kyrenia</strong> ship a merchant vessel with reference grid shown,<br />
scuba equipped maritime archaeologists and an airlift.<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Excavation<br />
A view of some of the amphorae<br />
from the <strong>Kyrenia</strong> shipwreck prior to<br />
excavation.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Excavation<br />
Amphorae<br />
Portions of the Hull
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Reconstruction
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Reconstruction<br />
Replica complete with<br />
partial lead hull plating<br />
80 repairs were made to the hull<br />
Shell-first with mortise and tenon<br />
construction
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Reconstruction<br />
Ancient iconography was consulted and did provide help
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Reconstruction<br />
Ancient iconography was consulted and did provide help
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: the Cargo<br />
380 amphoras in 10 varieties: the majority from Rhodes and<br />
several from Samos
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: the Cargo<br />
380 amphoras in 10 varieties: the majority from Rhodes and<br />
several from Samos
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: the Cargo<br />
29 grain mill blocks<br />
and over 10,000 almonds
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Piracy?<br />
<strong>The</strong> evidence: Eight spear/javelin points, several with the ship’s<br />
lead sheathing attached to them.
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Piracy?<br />
<strong>The</strong> evidence: Folded and pierced lead ‘curse tablet,’ it is uninscribed
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Kyrenia</strong> <strong>Shipwreck</strong>: Piracy?<br />
If a victim of a pirate attack what evidence could you expect to<br />
find?