Digestion of Carbs, etc.pdf - Mrs Stovel

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Nutrient lntermec€iate Products of Digestion Key • Monosaccharide A Ammo Acid E Glycerol 8 Fatty Acid Final Products of Cigestion Polysaccharide Salivary Amylase and Pancreatic Amylase r-i Intestinal Maltase • • Maltose Intestinal Glucose Glucose Sucrose Sucrose Intestinal Glucose Fructose Lactase ems---+ --+ • • Lactose Glucose Galactose Disaccrtarides Monosaccharides Protein PepsineR Pancreatic Enzymes Proteossa A Eaeotones Pancreatic Enzymes Dipeatide Pancreatic And Intestinal Enzymes A Amino Acids Ell 0 Bile (Phys4cal Emulsification into Smaller Particles) Pancreatic Lipase Glycerol Fatty Rcids Fat Figure 2.7 Chemical digestion of major nutrients into absorbable end products.
3. ABSORPTION There are 2 types of absorption that occur in the digestive system. One is the absorption of nutrients (the small molecular end-products of digestion, as well as vitamins, minerals and water) which occurs in the small intestine and the other is the absorption of the large quantities of water that is part of the leftover food/waste material which occurs in the large intestine. A. ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE Once all of the food material has been broken down into small absorbable molecules, it can be sent to the blood stream and the blood will deliver the nutrients to all body cells. The increased amount of surface area (in the lumen, or interior lining of the SI) that is created by the villi and microvilli means that the amount of surface which has the ability to absorb the nutrients will also be increased. More absorptive surface means that nutrient uptake by the blood will occur faster. Each villus (singular of villi) contains: (also refer to the diagrams) • A capillary network - these are very small blood vessels which are able to absorb monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides. • A lacteal - these are small lymph vessels which absorb fatty acids and glycerol • Mucus cells - these provide lubricant to the lumen(interior cavity) of the SI. • Microvilli -- these are microscopic finger-like projections which further increase the surface area for greater absorptive capacity Most, but not all, nutrients are absorbed as they pass through the Si. ABSORPTION IN THE LARGE INTESTINE (COLON) "Leftovers" (undigested food) from the ST enter the LI through the ileocaecal sphincter. There are 3 sections: ascending cold ansverse colon and descending colon. The main. function of the LI/colon is to re-absorb water from the leftovers. This is an effort to conserve water and compact the now "waste" material so that it can be stored in the lowest and last portion of the LI, called the rectum. Waste food materials are called FECES. Feces are excreted from the rectum through the anal sphincter (anus) by a process known as defecation.
Page 1 and 2: Figure B-59 THE DIGESTION OF CARBOH
Page 3 and 4: Figure B-60 THE DIGESTION OF FATS l
Page 5: a 12.21 The action of some major pa
Page 9 and 10: Mesentery. A membrane that supports
Page 11 and 12: Organ (Gland) Name of the enzyme th
Page 13 and 14: Biology. 30, --Digestion video 1. C

Digestion of Carbs, etc.pdf - Mrs Stovel

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