WINNER II pdf - Final Report - Cept

WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
environment produces higher delay spreads and higher path-losses than the indoor environment.
Propagation through building walls and inside the building is assumed to be quite similar in both cases.
The parameters of this scenario have been merged with A2 and B4 in table 4-7.
2.3.12 D1 – Rural macro-cell
Propagation scenario D1 represents radio propagation in large areas (radii up to 10 km) with low building
density. The height of the AP antenna is typically in the range from 20 to 70 m, which is much higher
than the average building height. Consequently, LOS conditions can be expected to exist in most of the
coverage area. In case the UE is located inside a building or vehicle, an additional penetration loss is
experienced which can possibly be modelled as a (frequency-dependent) constant value. The AP antenna
location is fixed in this propagation scenario, and the UE antenna velocity is in the range from 0 to 200
km/h.
In WINNER Phase I, measurements were conducted in a flat rural environment near Oulu in Finland, at
both 2.45 and 5.25 GHz, and with an AP antenna height of 18 - 25 m. A channel model derived from
these measurements is available and has been reported in [WIND54]. The channel model from Phase I for
propagation scenario D1 is generalised for the frequency range 2 – 6 GHz and different BS and MS
antenna heights.
2.3.13 D2 – Moving networks
Propagation scenario D2 (“Rural Moving Network”) represents radio propagation in environments where
both the AP and the UE are moving, possibly at very high speed, in a rural area. A typical example of this
scenario occurs in carriages of high-speed trains where wireless coverage is provided by so-called moving
relay stations (MRSs) which can be mounted, for example, to the roof. The link between the fixed
network and the moving network (train) is typically a LOS type. Later we call this link as D2a. In
addition there is a link from the MRS to the UE. It is assumed that the indoor part of the MRS is mounted
in the ceiling in the middle of the carriage. Later on we call this link D2b.
2.3.13.1 D2a
The scenario for D2a is specified as follows:
- There is a track accompanied with base stations in the intervals of 1000 - 2000 m.
- The base stations are
50 m away from the tracks and the antenna heights are 30 m, or alternatively
2 m away from the tracks and the antenna heights are 5 m.
- Height of the train (and MRS) is 2.5 m
- Speed of the train is nominally 350 km/h.
No tunnels are assumed in the route, but the lower BS antenna height can be used to simulate situations
compatible with the ones encountered in tunnels as regards high change rate in Doppler frequencies.
2.3.13.2 D2b
D2b model is applicable in an environment inside the fast train carriage. The carriage is assumed to
consist of one floor, but this should not make big difference, because one floor of a double floor carriage
is quite similar as a single floor carriage. The MRS indoor part is assumed to be located in the ceiling of
the carriage. It is assumed that there are chairs and tables densely as usual in train carriages. This makes
that typically there is NLOS connection between the MRS and UE. Finally, it is assumed that the
windows of the carriage are made of heat protective glass. This is important, because then we can assume
that the relatively very fast moving scatteres do not affect considerably to the propagation. The reason is
that such heat protective glass attenuates radio waves about 20 dB in both directions giving a total
attenuation of 40 dB to the signals transmitted out from the carriage, scattered in the outside environment
and penetrated back to the interior of the carriage.
2.4 Measurement Tools
Five different radio channel measurement systems have been used in the propagation measurements
during Phase I and II. Main characteristics of the channel sounders used in Phase II are summarised in
this section. Measuring equipment used in Phase I have been described in [WIN1D54].
Page 20 (82)